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Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Brahman Crossbred Cattle of Bangladesh

M M Rashid
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

M A Hoque
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

A K F H Bhuiyan
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

M A Alim
Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

K S Huque
Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A survey on gastrointestinal parasitic infections in Brahman crossbred cattle, reared at Savar Dairy Farm (on station) and at farmers house (on farm), was conducted in winter and rainy season using coproscopy to determine the effect of sex and age of animals, seasons and management system on the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections. A total of 230 fecal samples were examined and 195 (84.8%) of them were found positive for parasitic infections, and mean egg per gram of feces (EPG) was 426.2±23.8. The parasites identified on fecal examinations were Balantidium coli (59.1%), Paramphistomum spp. (18.3%), Eimeria spp. (7.83%), Strongyloids (7.39%), Haemonchus sp. (6.96%), Trichuris sp. (5.65%), Fasciola gigantica (3.91%), Capillaria sp. (2.17%) and Moniezia spp. (2.17%). Yearlings and adults were 1.23 and 1.15 times more susceptible to parasitic infection, respectively than young calves. Lower infection with B. coli and Trichuris sp. and higher infection with Paramphistomum spp. were found in adult cattle than in the yearlings and calves. Higher rate of infections was recorded in females (87.8%) than in the males (81.7%). Lower infection with Moniezia spp. (0.87%) was found in males than in females (3.48%). No seasonal variation of overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infection was found, however, higher prevalence of the parasites was detected among the cattle reared at on-station condition than their on-farm counter parts. Higher infection with Paramphistomum, Haemonchus sp. and Fasciola was found in rainy season than in winter. The study suggests that importance should be given to proper management, improved hygiene and regular deworming to prevent the parasitic infections in Brahman crossbred cattle of Bangladesh.

Keywords: Disease, Management, Prevalence

Location: Savar Dairy Farm.

Start Date: 00-01-2013

End Date: 00-10-2013

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cattle, Diseases

Objectives:

To investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in Brahman crossbred cattle in relation to management system, sex, age and season.

Methodology:

The faecal samples were collected from F₁ Brahman X Local crossbred cattle of different ages and both sexes reared at Savar Dairy Farm (on-station) 25 kilometers away from Dhaka city and at selected farmers’ houses (on-farm) of 3 upazilas of three northern districts (Charghat of Rajshahi district, Thakurgoan Sadar of Thakurgoan district and Chirirbandar of Dinajpur district). The samples were collected in winter (January to February) and monsoon (September to October) in 2013. A total of 230 cattle were selected randomly irrespective of their age and sex of which 114 were from Savar Dairy Farm and 116 were from three upazilas. The cattle were divided into 3 age groups; young calves (≤ 12 months), yearling cattle (>12 to 24 months) and adults (>24 months). During collection of samples, the age and sex of animals were recorded. The age of the randomly selected animals was determined from the birth record kept in the respective Upazila Livestock Offices and Savar Dairy Farm. At on-station, animals were reared under controlled and intensive management. A balanced diet was provided, which included 1/3 concentrates and 2/3 roughages. The concentrate mixures included wheat bran, crushed maize, crushed khesari (Lathyrus sativus), soybean meal, gram, Di-calcium phosphate and table salt. Roughages included green grass and straw. At on-farm, animals were stall fed in farmers’ house with limited grazing. The grazing areas were house premises, wetlands and roadsides. Rice straw, cut grass, kitchen waste and commercial concentrate ingredients (wheat bran, rice polish, crushed maize, khesari bran, mustard oil cake etc. either alone or a combination of two or more ) were used as ration for the animals. The feeding and management conditions of animals in study districts were almost similar. De-worming was usually done at every 4-5 months for “on-station” and 5-6 months for “on-farm” cattle. The faecal samples were collected directly from the rectum of the animals or immediately after defecation. Before sample collection, the animals were restrained properly and all possible hygienic measures were taken to avoid contamination. Fresh fecal samples were also collected from the top of the freshly voided faecal mass. A total of 230 samples were collected. About 15-25 grams of feces were collected from each animal. Each sample was kept in separate polythene bag, tied carefully and numbered properly. The correctly labeled and properly numbered polythene bags containing the fecal samples with all required information were brought to the laboratory and coprological examination was performed. The quantitative estimation of helminth eggs or oocysts of Balantidium coli were done by employing ‘Modified Stoll’s Dilution Technique’ as described. The quantitative estimation was made for each sample and the total number of eggs, oocysts or ova of parasites found in the slide was multiplied by 100 to get the eggs per gram of feces (EPG). The data generated were entered into Microsoft Excel Worksheet. Descriptive statistics were performed to calculate mean, standard error and percentage. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was done using General Linear Models Procedure with SAS software to determine treatment effects. Duncan’s multiple-range test was used to compare the treatment means (Steel and Torrie 1980).

Source of Information: Livestock Research for Rural Development 27 (7) 2015

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd27/7/rash27141.htm

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The study suggests that there is alarmingly high prevalence of parasitic infections in Brahman × Local crossbred cattle in Bangladesh. Age and sex of cattle and seasons were found to have some influence on the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infection. A high level of parasitism in cattle at on-station even after regular treatment indicates either inadequate dozing or ineffectiveness of drugs against the parasites. Development of anthelmintic resistance may also be responsible for such condition.

Knowledge Management: Journal