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Infestation Patterns of the Coconut Mite (eriophyes Guerreronis Keifer) and Resulting Yield Loss in the South Western Region of Bangladesh

Shimul Das
Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh

Prosanta Kumar Dash
Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh

Md. Rubel Ali
Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh

Md. Abdul Mannan
Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

In the experiment, coconut was collected randomly from Khulna, Satkhira and Bagherhat districts of Bangladesh and categorized into five grades based upon infestation pattern of coconut mite on coconut. The experimental treatments of factorial experiment consisted of three locations (L₁= Khulna, L₂ = Bagherhat and L₃ = Satkhira); two varieties (V₁= Green and V₂= Brown) and five grades on the basis of mite infestation which are G₀ = nuts with no mite damage, G₁ = nuts with 1-29% surface area damage, G₂ = nuts with 30-59% surface area damage and less than 20% reduction in size, G₃ = nuts with 60-80% surface area damage, 20-30% reduction in size and G₄ = nuts with over 80% surface area damage with 30% reduction and often greatly deformed. From the study it was found that most of the cases highest values were recorded from G₀ and the lowest values were recorded from G₄. It was found that the dry weight of copra was significantly varied among the different grades. The highest dry weight (164.33g) was recorded from G₀ and the lowest (386.94g) from G₄. Among the location, the fruits collected from Khulna and Satkhira gave highest values and the lowest value was recorded from the fruits of Bagherhat district. From the experiment it was found that water loss was observed about 0, 5.5, 34.19, 50 and 62.59% in damage categories of G₀, G₁, G₂, G₃ and G₄, respectively. For the copra yield considerable loss was occurred that ware 0, 13.22, 24.90, 38.00 and 52.72% in damage categories G₀, G₁, G₂, G₃ and G₄, respectively. Observed coconut shell losses were 0, 7.28, 15.32, 24.42, and 37.17% corresponding to damage categories G₀, G₁, G₂, G₃ and G₄, respectively. Due to mite infestation about 37.17% coconut shell loss, 62.59% water loss and 52.72% copra yield loss was occurred when nuts with over 80% surface area damaged with 30% reduction of size.

Keywords: Coconut, Coconut mite, Yield loss and south-western regions of Bangladesh

Location: Germplasm Centre, Horticulture and Entomology Laboratory of Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Coconut

Objectives:

To assess the extent of coconut mite damage on coconut of different location and varieties in the southwestern region of Bangladesh and to determine the yield losses of coconut due to mite infestation.

Methodology:

The experiment on infestation patterns of the coconut mite on coconuts and resulting yield loss in the south western region of Bangladesh was carried out in Germplasm Centre, Horticulture and Entomology Laboratory of Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna. In the study, 10 germplasm from each location were taken which were collected randomly from Khulna, Satkhira and Bagherhat Districts of Bangladesh. After collection, the fruits were studied in the laboratory to determine the different physical characters and yield loss of coconut.
Experimental design - The factorial experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design with three replications. Experimental treatments - The experimental treatments consisted of the factors viz. factor A = three locations such as L₁= Khulna, L₂ = Bagherhat and L₃= Satkhira; factor B = two varieties such as V₁= Green and V₂= Brown variety and factor C = five grades on the basis of mite infestation which are as follows: G₀ = nuts with no mite damage, G₁ = nuts with 1-29% surface area damage, G₂ = nuts with 30-59% surface area damage and less than 20% reduction in size, G₃ = nuts with 60-80% surface area damage, 20-30% reduction in size, and G₄ = nuts with over 80% surface area damage with 30% reduction and often greatly deformed. Experimental materials - Ninety mature coconuts of five grades were selected as the experimental materials for the investigation. These fruits were collected from Khulna, Satkhira and Bagherhat districts of Bangladesh. Collection of coconut - Observations were made on ten randomly selected trees at each location of Satkhira, Bagherhat and Khulna districts. Ten randomly selected coconuts from different varieties were selected based on varieties and grades. Each nut was graded in situ based on the basis of infestation pattern of coconut mite. Three nuts of each category and each variety were collected for this investigation. Methods of studying Parameters - By using the following methods, physical parameters like fresh weight of coconut fruits, length of coconut fruits, equatorial circumference of coconut fruits, kernel length of coconut fruits, kernel equatorial circumference of coconut fruits, kernel weight with water, kernel weight without water, copra weight, dry weight, moisture (%) of the collected coconut fruits germplasmc were studied. Yield loss assessment - A sample of three coconuts of various locations and varieties were taken from each category for processing. Each coconut was labeled and taken to the laboratory. At first the fresh weight of coconut fruit, fresh length and equatorial circumference of coconut fruit were taken. Then husk was removed to open the kernel. After this the kernel weight with water, kernel length and equatorial circumference of kernel were measured and recorded. Each nut was broken, then the water released and the nut was reweighed. The endosperm was then separated, weighed and placed in a kiln at 70°C. After 36 hours, when the moisture content was at an average of 6%, the copra weight was taken. The effect of mite damage on variety, site and their interactions on copra yield was determined. The yield loss percentage of the economical parts of the coconut fruit was measured by the following equation -Yield loss (%) = (Grade 0- Grade)/Grade 0 × 100. Statistical analysis - The recorded data were analyzed statistically with the help of computer package program MSTAT-C and the mean differences were adjudged by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.

Source of Information: International Journal of Biosciences | IJB |; ISSN: 2220-6655 (Print) 2222-5234 (Online); Vol. 3, No. 7, p. 132-147, 2013

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.innspub.net; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/3.7.132-147

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Due to mite infestation about 37.17% coconut shell loss, 62.59% water loss and 52.72% copra yield loss was occurred when nuts with over 80% surface area damaged with 30% reduction of size.

Knowledge Management: Journal