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Characterization of Some Wetland Soils of the Surma-kushiyara Floodplain of Bangladesh

A. S. M. Nizam Uddin
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

M. S. Hussain
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

M. J. Uddin
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

A. S. M. Mohiuddin
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

A. R. Mazumder
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Twenty two soil samples representing four soil series such as Balaganj, Phagu, Nasirnagar and Nabinagar were collected from the Brahmanbaria district for the present study. The parent materials of these soils were found to be alluvial deposits of mixed origin and carried by the Surma-Kusiyara floodplain. Silt loam is by far the dominant fraction of the profiles except the Nabinagar series. Morphological characteristics suggest the development of a cambic B horizon. The matrix colour of the soils was found to be a combination of grey, dark grey, dark yellowish-brown. The grey matrix colours and mottles in various horizons indicate hydromorphic nature. Seasonal submergence and drying set the condition of alternate oxidation and reduction which makes mottlings of dark reddish brown to dark yellowish brown colour. The soils were classified at the family level of the US Soil Taxonomy. The aforesaid soils have high percentage of base saturation with cation exchange capacities.

Keywords: Characterization, Hydromorphic soils, Wetland, Surma-Kushiyara Floodplain

Location: Brahmanbaria district, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-03-2006

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Land management

Objectives:

Objective of the study was to examine the morphogenetic processes in some wetland soils of Brahmanbaria district and classify them at the family level according to the US Soil Taxonomy.

Methodology:

A total of 22 soil samples were collected on natural horizon basis from four soil profiles for laboratory analysis. The field study and soil sample collection were done in the months of March 2006. Four pedons representing four soil series in Surma-Kusiyara floodplain were selected for this study. The soils were morphologically described in the field following the method of Soil Survey Manual, Information about the soil sampling sites and their respective environmental settings and tentative classification were recorded. The soil samples were processed and analysed in the laboratory. The reconnaissance soil survey reports of Brahmanbaria subdivision were used as the guide for collection of soil samples. The particle size analysis of soils was carried out by combination of sieving and hydrometer methods as described by Day. Textural classes were determined by Marshall's triangular coordinate curve as devised by USDA. Hygroscopic moisture content of soils was determined by drying the air-dried soils in an oven at 105 -110⁰C for 24 hours. The pH (H₂P) of soils was determined at a soil-water ratio (1:2.5) using a pye pH meter. A same ratio of soil-IN KCI solution was used for determination of pH (KCl). The organic carbon content of soils was determined volumetrically by wet oxidation method as described by Jackson. The total nitrogen in soils was determined by Kjeldahl's method as described by Jackson. Cation exchange capacity of soils was determined with IN NH₄0Ac method buffered at pH 7. The exchangeable cations were determined from IN NH₄0Ac (pH 7.0) extract as described by Jackson. Ca⁺⁺ and Mg⁺⁺ were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer, while Na⁺ and K⁺ were analyzed by Gallenkamp flame photometer.

Source of Information: Dhaka Univ. J. Bio. Sci. 18(2): 99-110, 2009 (July)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Therefore, according to the US Soil Taxonomy, the wetland soils under study have been characterized into the Inceptisol order, Aquepts suborder and Endoaquepts great group. At the subgroup level they are classed as Typic Endaquept and the studied soils have been characterized into two families. The matrix colour of the soils was found to be a combination of grey, dark grey, dark yellowish-brown. The grey matrix colours and mottles in various horizons indicate hydromorphic nature. Seasonal submergence and drying set the condition of alternate oxidation and reduction which makes mottlings of dark reddish brown to dark yellowish brown colour. The soils were classified at the family level of the US Soil Taxonomy. The aforesaid soils have high percentage of base saturation with cation exchange capacities.

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