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Efficacy of Some Commonly Used Insecticide on the Red Flour Beetle Tribolium Castaneum (herbst)

M. A. Rahman
Program coordinator
Organic agriculture program, PROSHIKA Manobik Unnayan Kendra, 1/ I-Ga, Section-2, Mirpur-2, Dhaka-1216

A. H. M. M. Haque
Senior Scientific Officer
Pulse Pathology, Pulse research sub-station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute Joydebpur, Gazipur- 1701

F. Ahmed
Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

A.T. M. Hossain
Scientific Officer
Pulse Research Sub-station, BARI, Madaripur

M. F. Hussain
Associate coordinator
Seed Production and Marketing program, PROSHIKA Manobik Unnayan Kendra, 1/ I-Ga, Section-2, Mirpur-2, Dhaka-1216

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiments were conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Entomology, BAU, Mymensingh during April 2002 to December 2002 to find out the resistance level of different insecticides by insect strains in Bangladesh. Wheat samples containing adult beetles were collected from 9 different locations of Bangladesh and then the collected insects were reared. Field strains of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Tenebrionicae: Coleoptera) collected from eight storage depot and one silo, were tested for susceptibility to malathion, dichlorvos, fenitrothion, pirimiphos-methyl and phosphine. Results of discriminating dose tests of the red flour beetle indicated that all strains were resistant against all the test insecticides. Highest resistance was observed against malathion followed by dichlorvos, phosphine, pirimiphos-methyl and fenitrothion. Ghatail and Tangail populations of the beetle showed higher degree of resistance against malathion, Sheddirganj populations showed against dichlorvos and tangail populations observed against phosphine compared to other populations.

Keywords: Efficacy, Insecticide, Red flour beetle

Location: Laboratory of the Department of Entomology, BAU, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-04-2002

End Date: 00-12-2002

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Insecticide

Objectives:

To evaluate the resistance level to red flour beetle populations against these commonly used insecticides.

Methodology:

Wheat samples containing adult red flour beetle were collected from eight different storage, one silo and one flour mill from different locations viz. Mymensingh, Dhaka, Narayanganj, Sheddirganj, Tangail, Ghatail, Jamalpur, Kishoreganj, and Serajganj of Bangladesh during April to May 2002. About 500-600 adult beetles were collected from each storage or trader shop. Insects were put into polythene bag with their food media (whole and broken wheat) providing aeration and carried to the laboratory of the Department of Entomology of Bangladesh Agricultural University at Mymensingh. The collected insects were reared in the laboratory where flour was used as rearing media. About 40-50 g of wheat flour placed in plastic jar (9.5 X 7.5 cm) and 100-200 insects were then release in each jar for feeding and oviposition. The jar was placed in a locust rearing cage (55 X 38 cm). The temperature and RH of locust cage were maintained at 30±10 C and 75±5% respectively. Based on the information collected from different government storage and silo, five commonly used insecticides were selected for the test. Among these four were Organophosphorus (Zithiol 57EC, Nogos 100EC, Sumithion 50EC and Actellic 50EC) and one Phosphine gas (Celphos tablet) insecticides. Efficacy of Emulsiable Concentrate insecticides were tested by using topical application method . Different concentrations (0.01%, 0.02%, 0.05%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0%) were prepared by diluting insecticide with analytical grade acetone. Adult beetles were chilled for a period of 10 minutes. Then the immobilized insects were picked up individually and 1.0 μl (microlitre) of insecticide solution was applied topically on dorsal surface of the thorax of each insect using micro-capillary tube. Fifty unsexed adult beetles were treated by each dose and another 50 insects were treated with acetone only as control. Insects were then transferred into petridish (10 insects/petridish) containing wheat flour. Efficacy of phosphine gas was tested in 4 liters gas tight pyrex desicator. Phosphine gas was prepared by exposing celphos (3 g) tablet to the air in a 1300-ml glass bottle. Five (9.0 cm dia) petridishes each containing 10 adult beetles with some flour are placed in a desecrator. Then phosphine gas at required concentration was injected into the desecrator by a 30 cc syringe. Three concentrations 2 cc/1000 ml, 3 cc/1000 ml and 4 cc/1000 ml were tested. One set of insects (5 x 10) was kept in a desecrator without phosphine, which served as control. All the petridishes and desicators with insects were kept in an environmental chamber at 30±10C and 75±5% RH and photoperiod of 12:12 (Light :Dark).Treated insects were examined at 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment and those unable to move or respond to gentle touch were recorded as dead. In the case of phosphine 20 hours of exposure the petridishes were removed from the desicator and insect mortalities were recorded. The data were corrected by formula and then analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test was adopted to compare treatment means. Median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) was calculated using Probit analysis with a log₁₀ transformation of concentration of insecticides by MSTAT-C statistical microcomputer software.

Source of Information: Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. 2(5):08-11, 2007

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results on Probit analysis for aluminumphosphide revealed probit-motality for ten different red flour beetle populations at 20 HAT. Compared with the control population, most of the treated populations had higher LC₅₀ values. The Tangail population was most tolerant to aluminumphosphide (LC₅₀=11.453), followed by Jamalpur population (LC₅₀=10.808). On the hand, Serajganj population was most susceptible (LC₅₀=3.275) to aluminium phosphide among the treated populations. The control population had lowest LC₅₀ (2.155) values,which indicate their highest susceptibility to aluminum phosphide

Knowledge Management: Journal