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Effect of Sowing Date and Spacing on Dry Matter Production and Yield in Tropical Sugar Beet

M.N. Kashem
Principal Scientific Officer
Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna

Q.A. Khaliq
Professor
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur

M. A. Karim
Professor
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur

A. J. M. S. Karim
Professor
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur

M. M. Ahmed
Scientific Officer
Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute, Regional Station, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of the Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh from November 2011 to May 2012 with four sowing dates viz. 01 November, 15 November, 01 December and 15 December 2011 following four plant spacings viz. 50 × 25 cm, 50 × 20 cm, 40 × 20 cm and 40 × 18 cm to find out the optimum sowing date and spacing of sugar beet. Total dry matter production of sugar beet and its partitioning into root, petiole and leaf blade decreased with delay in sowing after 01 November. The highest total dry matter and root dry matter were recorded at the spacing of 50 × 20 cm, and petiole and leaf blade dry matter were recorded at the closest spacing of 40 × 18 cm when the plants were sown on 01 November. The individual root weight and root yield in sugar beet significantly decreased with delay in sowing after 15 November. The highest root weight (1154 g) and root yield (91.2 t ha^-1) per plant were recorded at 165 days after emergence (DAE) from 01 November sowing at the spacing of 50 × 20 cm. Therefore, for optimum yield of tropical sugar beet in Bangladesh, the crop might be sown in early November with a spacing of 50 × 20 cm.

Keywords: tropical sugar beet, sowing date, spacing, dry matter, yield

Location: The research farm of the Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-11-2011

End Date: 00-05-2012

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Sugar beet

Objectives:

To determine the sowing time and optimum spacing of tropical sugar beet for higher beet yield under Bangladesh agro-ecological condition.

Methodology:

Experimental site: The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur from November 2011 to May 2012 on an upland soil. The experimental site was about 40 km North to Dhaka city with 24^o09' North latitude and 90^o26' East longitude and an elevation of 8.40 m above the sea level. Planting materials: Tropical sugar beet variety ‘Shubhra’ was used as a test crop. Seeds of this variety were collected from Syngenta, Bangladesh. Cultivation procedures: The experimental land was prepared thoroughly. As sugar beet prefers alkaline soil dolomite was applied @ 1500 kg ha^-1. The experiment was laid out in a strip plot design with three replications. The unit plot size was 3 m × 2 m. During final land preparation cow dung @ 15 t ha^-1 was incorporated into the soil. A fertilizer dose @ 120 kg N, 105 kg P, 150 kg K, 18 kg S, 3.5 kg Zn and 1.2 kg B ha^-1was applied in the form of urea, triple super phosphate, muriate of potass, gypsum, ZnSO₄ and boric acid, respectively. All fertilizers and one third of urea were applied during final land preparation. The remaining amount of urea was applied as two top dressings 55 and 90 days after sowing (DAS). Sugar beet seeds were sown in lines on four sowing date (01 Nov. 15 Nov, 01 Dec and 15 Dec) following four different spacing's such as 50 × 25 cm, 50 × 20 cm, 40 × 20 cm and 40 × 18 cm which were corresponded to plant population of 80000 ha^-1, 100000 ha^-1, 125000 ha^-1 and 138888 ha^-1, respectively. Light irrigation was done immediately after sowing to ensure uniform emergence. To ensure optimum soil moisture irrigation was done twice in a week up to maturity till April. Intercultural operations were done uniformly in each plot to ensure normal growth of the crop. Weeding and mulching were done simultaneously in the experimental plots at 20, 40 and 60 DAS. Plant was thinned out keeping one plant per hill during the second weeding. Earthling up was done at 55 and 90 DAS after top dressing of nitrogen. Dithane M 45 @ 2.2 kg ha^-1, Tilt 1 ml/L of water and Score 250 EC 0.5 ml/L of water were used to control damping off, sclerotium root rot and cercospora leaf spot diseases. Durshban @ 2.5 ml/L of water was applied for controlling cut warm, tobacco caterpillar and army warm. Data collection: Data regarding yield and yield attributes like dry mater partitioning into root, leaf blade and petiole, Root and Shoot fresh weight, Root:Shoot ratio at 120 DAE to 165 DAE and Root yield per m² and per ha were collected, analyzed and interpreted. Statistical analysis: The crop was harvested on 15 April and collected data were statistically analyzed with the help of MSTAT-C program with LSD test at 5% level of significance.

Source of Information: Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. 10(2):1-5, 2015

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The optimum sowing date under Bangladesh condition seems to be early November for getting optimum growth, yield and quality of tropical sugar beet var. Shubhra. For high root and sugar yield the appropriate spacing for tropical sugar beet in Bangladesh seems to be 50 × 20 cm. For high root and sugar yield the crop should be harvested at around 165 DAE if sown in early November.

Knowledge Management: Journal