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The Challenges of Food Security in South Asia: Understanding It’s Dynamics with Reference to Bangladesh

Md. Kamal Uddin
PhD Candidate, Department of Asian and International Studies, City University of Hong Kong & Assistant professor (on study leave), Department of International Relations, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh.

Md. Shahabul Haque
Political Studies, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study focuses on the challenges of food security in South Asian region, particularly the challenges Bangladesh is facing, and how this region can possibly mitigate this challenge. Food security is a complex issue. The question of food security has a number of dimensions that go beyond production, availability and demand for food. It is generally understood as access to adequate food to all households at all times to enable them to lead a healthy and active life. The initial focus on food security as a global concern was on the volume and stability of food. Achieving food security in South Asia has become a major challenge. The food security scenario in South Asia has witnessed rapid progress over the last few decades, yet nutrition outcomes, especially those related to women and children, have failed to keep pace. In addition, the article has also identified a number of initiatives taken by the SAARC countries, and recommends some policies for the food security.

Keywords: Food Security, South Asia, Challenge, SAARC countries

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Program Area: Food Safety and Security

Non-commodity: Adoption and mitigation technology

Objectives:

To induct the challenges of food security in South Asian region, particularly the challenges Bangladesh is facing, and how this region can possibly mitigate this challenge.

Methodology:

This is completely a desk study based on available literature from different sources such as journals, working papers, FAO, World Bank and other development organizations’ websites and research publications that are relevant to the objectives of this study. Based on the analysis from international developing countries perspectives and country context information. In this paper, to achieve the objectives of the research, it was determined the Aspects of Food Security, Challenges to Food Security in South Asia, initiatives to eradicate food insecurity, and policy implications.

Source of Information: Developing Country Studies, Vol.4, No.3, 2014, Page: 07-15, ISSN 2224-607X (Paper) ISSN 2225-0565 (Online),

Article Link (Online Journal): http://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/DCS/article/view/10875/11178

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Achievement/Findings:

It is said that developing countries are the most food insecure in the world. The last few decades have witnessed a sweeping change in the food production scenario of South Asia. For the South Asian region with a large proportion of the world’s poor and hungry, food security is a major challenge. Among these countries, the countries those have larger population and comparatively small cultivatable land, will be suffered most. In this case as a region, South Asia is more vulnerable than any other region. Furthermore, environmental degradation and the impact of climate change also made some Asian countries most vulnerable. Food is still insecure to the poor. The three dimensional impacts on food productivity (Environmental degradation, Climate change and use of bio-fuels) have already created a growing food scarcity all over the world, and in future developing world, especially South Asia will be suffered more. So, it can be said, only regional and international cooperation from the sustainability perspective can strengthen the food security in the world. Making the region food secure will require action both at the national and regional levels. Consequently, both availability of and access to food are adversely affected. Since regional food security presupposes food security at the national level, each country has to strengthen domestic production systems to overcome these challenges. All countries need to step up their investment in research and development and extension services to increase productivity. At the regional level, increased agricultural trade between South Asian countries will play a far more important role in achieving food security. South Asian countries should increase cooperation to stop food insecurity.

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