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Management of the Root-knot Nematode of Tomato by Inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

R. Momotaz
Scientific Officer
Plant Pathology Division, BARI, Bangladesh

M. N. Islam
Scientific Officer
Plant Pathology Division, BARI, Bangladesh

K. M. Alam
Scientific Officer
Plant Pathology Division, BARI, Bangladesh

M. M. Alam
Senior Scientific Officer
Plant Pathology Division, BARI, Bangladesh

M. Z. Rahman
Scientific Officer
RARS, Rahmatpur, BARI, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have prospective role in biocontrol of soil-borne diseases. In winter season the experiments were conducted to quantify the interactions between AM fungi [Glomus versiforme (Karsten) Berch] and Meloidogyne incognita and rhizosphere of tomato plants (var. BARI Tomato 2) and to determine their combined effects on the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and on tomato growth. AMF spore inoculation includes 60 g, 70 g, 80 g, 90 g, and 100 g spore along with Furadan 5G and without inoculation or control agent was as control. The highest shoot length was recorded in plants inoculated with 70 g AMF spore. The maximum shoot weight was recorded in 100 g AMF spore inoculation (44.33 g). The root length was ranged from 13.40-24.20 g. Significantly higher root length was computed in 100 g AMF spore and it differed significantly with all other inoculation. All the treatments amended with AMF proved their efficiency to establish the root infection. It was found that root infection increased with the increasing of AMF inocula concentration. The minimum gall index of 2.0 at 0-10 scale was assessed in T₃, T₅ and T₆. The maximum yield was harvested from T₅ (2740 kg/ha). T₅ (100 g AMF spore) gave satisfactory results to reduce root-knot disease and to improve plant growth and yield of Tomato. The results indicate that specific AM fungi can interact to suppress M. incognita, disease development and increases tomato yield.

Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Glomus versiforme, Disease control, Meloidogyne incognita, Root knot nematode

Location: Pot House of Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Tomato

Objectives:

To find out the efficacy of mycorrhiza to control root-knot nematode, increase plant growth and yield of tomato
To find out the effect of AMF and a nematicide Furadan 5G (Carbofuran) on plant growth and disease suppression

Methodology:

A pot experiment was conducted to test efficacy of AMF and a nematicide Furadan 5G (Carbofuran) to control root-knot nematode of tomato at the Plant Pathology Division pot house, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur during winter season. Standard cultivation procedures recommended by BARI were followed to grow tomato with little modification. The experiment was laid out in a complete block design with a total of seven treatments including a control with five replications each were included in the study viz. T₁ = 60 g AMF spore, T₂= 70 g AMF spore, T₃ = 80 g AMF spore, T₄ = 90 g AMF spore, T₅ = 100 g AMF spore, T₆ = Furadan 5G and T₇ = control were maintained in this experiment. The 35 pots were used and each pot contains 5 kg of soil. Furadan 5G was applied to the experimental pot just before transplanting of seedlings. To ensure inocula of the nematode, chopped severely galled tomato roots infected with M. incognita were mixed with soil around the tomato seedlings @ 2 g/plant. AMF inoculums were collected from Soil Science Division of BARI. Firstly, AMF inoculums was placed in each pot then 3 seedling planted in each pot. Twenty five days old and apparently healthy tomato seedlings of variety BARI Tomato-2 were transplanted. During crop season, necessary weeding, irrigation and other intercultural operations were done as per recommendation of the crop. The root-knot disease severity was recorded at 60 days after transplanting. Data of length and weight of shoot and root were recorded. The fruit yield was expressed in g/pot. At the end of the growing period, plants were uprooted from the pot carefully to minimize the damage of roots. The root systems were washed under running tap water and data on shoot height and fresh weight, weight of shoots and roots were recorded. The number of galls per gram of roots, and yield contributes characters was recorded. The degree of root galling was indexed on the basis of 0-10 scale, where, 0 = (Zero) represented free from gall, 1 = very few small galls can only be detected upon close examination, 2 = small galls but easily detected, 3 = numerous small galls, some grown together, but function of roots not seriously affected, 4 = numerous small galls, some big galls, majority of roots still functioning, 5 = 25% of root system severely galled and not functioning, 6 = 75% of root system severely galled and not functioning, 7 = 75% of root system severely galled and not functioning, 8 = no healthy roots, nourishment of plants interrupted, plants still green, 9 = completely galled root system is rooting, plant is dying and 10 severely galled root system. Soil sample from the pot were collected during harvesting of the crop for counting AMF spore population. Assessment of spore population was done following the wet Sieving and Decanting method Spores were observed under Inverted stereomicroscope, the number of spores was counted and the result was expressed as numbers per 50 g of dry soil basis. Percent root colonization was calculated by the formulae.

Source of Information: Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. 10(2):48-54, 2015

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In conclusion, the trial showed that the efficacy of AMF in controlling root-knot disease and growth enhancement in tomato. Thus, application of AMF could be used to manage the pest in a more sustainable and eco-friendly way.

Knowledge Management: Journal