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Phosphorus Management Effects on P Fractions in Soils as Nutrition for Rice

S. K. N. Uddin
Department of Soil Science, BAU, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M. K. Uddin
Department of Agrobiology, Niigata University, Japan

N. A. Khan
Department of Farm Power & Machinery, BAU, Mymensingh

M. A. Awal
Horticulture Centre, DAE, Mehedibag, Sylhet, Bangladesh

J. A. Mian
Department of Soil Science, BAU, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An incubation study in the lab and a pot experiment were conducted to know the distribution of native and applied P in the soils and its effect on rice (BRRI dhan28). There were two treatments namely control and P amendment (200 mg kg^-1) maintaining. Three replications were used in the experiments. The texture of Old Brahmaputra Floodplain and Bangladesh Agricultural University farm soils. The initial status of labile P, Fe/Al-P and Ca/Mg-P of the different soils were 3.16 to 15.36, 16.48 to 86.42 and 10.59 to 68.18 mg Kg^-1, respectively. Addition of 200 mg P per kg soil increased the labile P, Fe/Al-P and Ca/Mg-P ranging from 2.23 to 35.60, 26.95 to 68.33 and 18.34 to 40.73%, respectively over the initial status. Due to cropping, a remarkable depletion was found in post-harvest soils in non-treated pots and the depleted amount ranged from 13.65 to 28.73, 1.46 to 8.33 and 0.63 to 2.87% for labile P, Fe/Al-P and Ca/Mg-P, respectively over the initial status. In treated pots, the depletion of labile P, Fe/Al-P and Ca/Mg-P varied from 1.96 to 4.10, 0.95 to 5.01 and 0.35 to 1.97 mg kg^-1, respectively while percent use efficiency were 61.57 to 745.45, 28.19 to 92.40 and 10.17 to 42.27%, respectively. Application of P increased the dry matter yield of rice in all the selected soils.

Keywords: Phosphorus, Iron, Aluminum, Calcium, HYV rice, Soil

Location:

Start Date: 31-03-2013

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To see the distribution of applied P into different forms in soils from different Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZs)
To see the changes in different forms of soil P due to uptake by plants and
To see the effects of applied P on the dry matter yield of rice

Methodology:

Experimental site: In the research, incubation study and pot experiment were conducted at the field laboratory and net house of the Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Soil samples: Seven soil samples were collected at a depth of 0-15 cm from seven different places of six Agro-ecological Zones (AEZs) of Bangladesh. The seven places were Khulna (Ganges Tidal Floodplain), Bogra (Level Barind Tract), Haji Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU) farm (Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain), Kushdaha (North Eastern Barind Tract), Madhupur (Madhupur Tract), Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) farm (Old Brahmaputra Floodplain-non flooded), Farmers’ field (Old Brahmaputra Floodplain (OBF)-flooded). Analysis of samples: Initial soil samples were analyzed for both physical and chemical properties such as soil texture, soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), total N, available P, exchangeable K and available S. Particle size analysis of soil was done by hydrometer method and the textural class was determined by plotting the values for % sand, % silt and % clay in the Marshall's triangular coordinates following the USDA system. Soil pH was determined using glass electrode pH meter in soil: water suspension of 1:2.5. EC of soil samples was determined by an EC meter using soil water suspension of 1:5. Organic carbon was determined by wet oxidation method and the organic matter content was calculated by multiplying the obtained organic carbon with the van Bemmelen factor of 1.73. Total N was determined by Semi-micro Kjeldahl method and available P was determined colorimetrically by stannous chloride (SnCl₂) method. Exchangeable K and available S were determined by flame photometer and a spectrophotometer method respectively. Incubation test: For incubation study, 200 ppm of P was added in 100 gm of each soil in 250 ml plastic bottles and control bottles were run with the treated soils which were incubated at room temperature for 60 days and then soils were air dried, ground and preserved for fractionation study. Pot experiment: For pot preparation, 1 kg soil was taken in each of 42 earthen pots. BRRI dhan28 was used for the experiment as the rice variety. Three healthy seedlings/hill/pot of thirty five day old were transplanted in the pots on 31 December, 2013. There were two treatment combinations in the experiment e.g. control and P (25 kg P ha^-1). The experiment was replicated thrice. N, P, S and Zn were applied as basal dose. Full doses of chemical fertilizers viz. TSP (25 kg P ha^-1), MoP (100 kg K ha^-1), gypsum (20 kg S ha^-1), zinc oxide (2 kg Zn ha^-1) were added to soils. Urea was applied in three equal splits at 0, 20, 45 days after transplanting (DAT) where the dose of urea for each split was 45 kg N ha^-1. Intercultural operations such as irrigation and drainage (maintaining 1 cm height on soil surface), weeding etc were performed when needed. The rice plants of each pot were harvested and collected at 70 DAT on 20 March, 2014. Then plant samples were cleaned and air dried. At the same time soil samples were collected also. Then samples were made free from plant roots, air dried ground and prepared for analysis. Plant sample: The air dried plant samples (straw) were dried in an oven at 65^oC for about 48 hours, were then grounded in a grinding machine and stored in paper bags for determination of P. A sub- sample of plant samples weighing 0.5 g was transferred into a dry clean digestion vessel. 10 ml of acid mixture (HNO₃:HClO₄=5:1) was added to it. After leaving for a while, the vessels were heated at a temperature slowly raised to 200^oC. Heating was momentarily stopped when the dense white fumes of HClO₄ occurred. The contents of the flask were boiled until they become sufficiently clear and colorless and the digest was used for estimating P. Then the concentration of P in the digest was determined by similar method as described in case of soil analysis. Experimental design:The experiment was laid out with two treatments in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The analysis of variance for dry matter yield of the crop was performed by using MSTAT-C program. The difference between the treatment means was estimated fol lowing the F-test. Mean comparisons of the treatments were made by the Duncan's Multiple Range Test.

Source of Information: Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. 10(2):6-13, 2015

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results obtained from the incubation and pot experiment on P management effects on P fertility and yield of rice interprete that P fertilizer application into the soils increased the status of labile P, Fe/Al-P and Ca/Mg-P in soils. It was also observed that the added P was mostly transformed into Fe/Al-P in acidic soils and Ca/Mg-P in nearly neutral soils. The uptake efficiency of the labile P was the highest followed by Fe/Al-P and then Ca/Mg-P. Finally the dry matter yield and P uptake by rice (BRRI dhan28) were increased due to application of P into soils.

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