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Combining Ability and Heterosis of Maize Inbred Lines Evaluated in Three Environments (set I)

S. Ahmed
Plant Breeding Division, BARI

A.N.M.S. Karim
Plant Breeding Division, BARI

M. Z. A Tatukder
Plant Breeding Division, BARI

A.H. AKHI
Plant Breeding Division, BARI

S. Uddin
Plant Breeding Division, BARI

A. Miah
Plant Breeding Division, BARI

A. Biswas
Plant Breeding Division, BARI

M. A. A. Khan
Plant Breeding Division, BARI

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

In order to find better general combining parents for isolating good cross combinations in maize and ultimately for evolving suitable hybrid(s) of maize, experiments were carried out at Gazipur, Jessore and Ishurdi during the year 2014-15. Combining ability effects were estimated for grain yield and some important agronomic characters of maize in a 7 X 7 diallel analysis excluding reciprocals over three environments. The mean sum of square obtained from combined analysis of variance showed the presence of genetic variability among the crosses, environment and crosses X environment interaction for most of the characters under studied. The variances for general combining ability (GCA) were found significant for all the traits except ear length. The specific combining ability (SCA) variance was non-significant for all the characters. However, relative magnitude of variances indicated that additive gene effects were more prominent for all the characters studied. Both GCA and SCA effects showed significant interaction with environment for all the traits. This suggests the need of selecting different parental lines for hybrids for different ecological situations. Parents P₅ and P₇were the best general combiner for high yield; parents P₁, P₂, P₃ and P₄for earliness and parents P₂, P₃ and P₄for dwarf plant type. Although the cross P₅ X P₇ involved high x high general combiners, exhibited non-significant and positive SCA effect but produced highest grain yield as well as highest heterosis. The range of heterosis expressed by different crosses was from -39.44 to 5.64 percent and –7.6 to 6.08 percent, respectively, for grain yield and days to silking. The better performing seven crosses (P₅ X P₇, P₅ X P₆, P₂ X P₅, P₄ X P_5,P₄ X P₇, P₆ X P₇and and P₁ × P₅) can be utilized for developing high yielding hybrid varieties as well as for exploiting hybrid vigour. .

Keywords: Diallel analysis, General combining ability, Specific combining ability, Multilocation. Maize

Location: Gazipur, Jessore and Ishurdi.

Start Date: 00-00-2014

End Date: 00-00-2015

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Maize

Objectives:

1. To find better general combining parents for isolating good cross combinations in maize

2. To evolve suitable hybrid(s) of maize

Methodology:

Seven inbred lines of maize viz. P₁, P₂, P₃, P₄, P₅, P₆ and P₇ were collected from CIMMYT, Mexico, and crossed in all possible combinations (excluding reciprocals) in the rabi season of 2013-2014 at Gazipur. During rabi 2014-2015, the 21 F₁^’s along with 3 commercial hybrids viz. BHM9, 900MG and NK40 were grown following alpha lattice design with 3 replications in three different environments viz. Gazipur, Jessore and Ishurdi. In Gazipur and Jessore, sowing was done on 15 November, where as it was 25 November in Ishurdi. Each plot comprised of 2 rows 5.0 m long. Spacing adopted was 60 × 20 cm between rows and hills, respectively. One healthy seedling per hill was kept after proper thinning. Fertilizers were applied @ 250, 55, 110, 40, 5 and 1.5 kg/ha of N, P, K, S, Zn, B respectively. Standard agronomic practices were followed and plant protection measures were taken when required. Data on days to 50% pollen shedding and silking were recorded on whole plot basis. Ten randomly selected plants were used for recording observations on plant height and ear height. All the plants in 2 rows were considered for plot yield which was later converted to t/ha. The combining ability analysis was carried out following Model I (fixed effects) and Method IV (one set of F₁’s but neither parents nor reciprocal F₁’s is included) described by Griffing (1956) in multi environment using R. Standard heteroses was estimated over the check variety and K 40.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report, Plant Breeding Division, BARI--2014-15

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

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Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Maize genotypes responded significantly for yield and other characters to the environment. Analysis of variances for combining ability indicated that, variances for general combining ability (GCA) were significant for all the characters except plant height and ear length. The specific combining ability (SCA) variance was non-significant for all the characters. However, in the present study variances due to GCA were much higher in magnitude than SCA for all the characters indicating preponderance of additive gene effects for the inheritance of these traits. Both GCA and SCA effects showed significant interaction with environment for all the traits. This suggests the need of selecting different parental lines for hybrids for different ecological situations.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings