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Combining Ability and Heterosis Study in Maize (set Ii)

M.Z.A.Talukder
Plant Pathology Division, BARI

S.AHMED
Plant Pathology Division, BARI

A.N.M.S.KARIM
Plant Pathology Division, BARI

M. AMIRUZZAMAN
Plant Pathology Division, BARI

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Combining ability and heterosis were studied in 7 × 7 diallel cross in maize for grain yield and yield contributing characters. Significant general and specific combining ability variances were observed for all the characters studied. The significant estimates of GCA and SCA variances suggested the importance of both additive and non-additive gene actions for the expression studied traits. In these studies, variances due to sca were higher than gca for all character except days to tasseling and days to silking, which revealed the predominance of non additive gene action (dominance and epistasis) for controlling these traits. Parents P1 and P3 was excellent general combiner for earliness, P5 for short height and P1, P4 and P6 for ear length, seeds per row and grain weight. The parents P1 and P6 having good combining abilities for yield. Eleven crosses (P1xP2, P1xP3, P1xP4, P1xP6, P1xP7, P2xP4, P2xP6, P3xP6, P4xP6, P4xP7 and P5xP6) exhibited significant and positive sca effect with better mean performance. These eleven combinations might be used for obtaining high yielding hybrids. Heterosis estimation was carried out using commercial varieties NK40. The percent heterosis for grain yield varied from -40.34 to 13.03%. The better performing three crosses (P3xP6, P2xP4 and P5xP6) can be utilized for developing high yielding hybrid varieties as well as for exploiting hybrid vigour.

Keywords: Heterosis, Additive gene actions, Non-additive gene actions, Epistasis, Maize

Location: Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-2013

End Date: 00-00-2015

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Maize

Objectives:

1. To isolate superior inbred lines and better combining ability parents for suitable hybrids

2. To determine percent of heterosis using standard commercial checks.

Methodology:

Seven diverse maize inbred lines were crossed in a diallel fashion excluding the reciprocals during the rabi season in 2013-14. The resulting 21 F₁^’s and their 7 parents were evaluated along with three checks (BARI hybrid maize 7, NK40 and Pioneer 30V92) in a alpha lattice design with two replications at BARI, Gazipur in the following rabi season of 2014- 2015. Each entry planted in one rows of 4 m long plot. The spacing between rows was 60 cm and plant to plant distance was 20 cm.. Fertilizers were applied @ 250, 55, 110, 40, 5 and 1.5 kg/ha of N, P, K, S, Zn, B, respectively. One plant per hill was maintained after proper thinning. Observations were recorded on ten randomly selected plants from each plot for plant height (cm), ear height (cm), days to tasseling and silking, ear length, seeds/row, 1000 kernel weight and yield. Grain yield were recorded on whole plot basis and finally converted to t/ha. Data were analyzed for variance for all the characters studied. The mean performances of all characters were analyzed using Crop Stat software. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were estimated following Model I, Method II of Griffing (1956). The mean squares for GCA and SCA were tested against error variance desired using the mean data of all the single cross hybrids and check variety, the standard heterosis (against the best standard check hybrid variety) was estimated and tested according to Singh and Singh (1994). The significance test for heterosis was done by using standard error of the value of check variety.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report, Plant Pathology Division, BARI--2014-15

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The mean squares of genotypes (diallel hybrids) were highly significant for all the traits. This indicated an adequate amount of variability present in the materials for these traits. A wide range of variability of GCA effects was observed among the parents. All the traits showed significant heterosis in different crosses. For grain yield (t/ha) only 2 crosses (P2 xP4, P3 x P6) showed significant and positive heterosis over the standard check variety NK-40 which was found in the range of -40.34 to 13.03 %. The highest heterosis 13.03% was exhibited by the cross P3xP6 followed by P2xP4 (9.92%) and P5xP6 (4.50%). From the study it can be concluded that, parents having good combining abilities for yield (P1 and P6); early maturity (P1 and P3) and short plant and ear height (P5), 1000 grain weight (P4 and P6) could be used as donor partners for obtaining high yield and desirable traits. These crosses (P2 xP4, P3 x P6 and P5xP6) having higher heterosis for yields compared to the standard Checks (NK40).

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings