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Variation of Wheat Cultivars in Their Response to Elevated Temperature on Starch and Dry Matter Accumulation in Grain

Soyema Khatun
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

Jalal Uddin Ahmed
Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

Tofazzal Hossain
Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

M. Rafiqul Islam
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

Mohammed Mohi-Ud-Din
Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Threewheat cultivars, namely, BARI Gom 25, BARI Gom 26, and Pavon 76, were sown in experimental field of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, in Bangladesh, on 18 November, 2013. Two temperature regimes, namely, normal (23⁰C in open field) and elevated (6 ± 1⁰C higher compared to open field mean air temperature in polythene chamber) temperature, were created immediately after anthesis to investigate the response of wheat cultivars to heat stress. Elevated temperature cuts back the duration of grain filling by 5 days in BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 26 and 10 days in Pavon 76. Starch synthesis was also cut back by the same duration in respective cultivars under elevated temperature condition. Results indicate that failure of conversion of sugar to starch rather than limited supply of sugar under high temperature condition was responsible for shortening of grain filling duration in all wheat cultivars. However, the response of elevated temperature on grain starch and main stem grain dry matter was less profound in BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 26 compared to Pavon 76 indicating their better tolerance to elevated temperature.

Keywords: Wheat, heat stress and dry matter accumulation

Location: Experimental field of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-11-2013

End Date: 00-04-2014

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To investigate the physiological basis of grain starch and dry matter accumulation pattern under high temperature conditions in wheat varieties

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the research farm of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, in Bangladesh, during November, 2013, to April, 2014, using split plot design with four replications under two growing conditions, namely, open field temperature and elevated temperature (polythene chamber). Recently released two potential heat tolerant wheat cultivars, namely, BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 26, along with a heat sensitive check wheat cultivar Pavon 76 were used in this study. Seeds were sown on 18 November, 2011, in rows of 20 cm apart (at the rate of 120 kg ha⁻¹). The unit plot size was 3 m × 3 m having a plot-to-plot distance of 1.0 m. In each of these 3 m × 3 m plots, 1.5 m× 1.0 m area was covered by transparent polythene sheet. The chambers were constructed using bamboo frame of 1.5m high keeping 30 cm open space near the ground surface. Light intensity during maximum grain filling was found to be 1280 µmolm⁻²S⁻¹ in open field and 950 µmolm⁻²S⁻¹ in polythene chamber which is higher than its normal light intensity. Normal light intensity requirement for wheat was 610 µmolm⁻²S⁻¹. Cow dung (8500 kg ha⁻¹) and other fertilizers such as N 60 kg ha⁻¹(as Urea), P 140 kg ha⁻¹ (as TSP), K 100 kg ha⁻¹ (as MOP), and S 110 kg ha⁻¹ (as Gypsum) were applied as per recommendation. Irrigation was given to maintain more or less a field capacity and to avoid the drought stress. Mean air temperature was recorded every day at noon period (2 pm to 3 pm) using maximum-minimum thermometer from5 days after anthesis (DAA) up to the maturity of each cultivar. Main shoot of 100 individual plants was tagged to confirm the equal exposure of elevated temperature starting the first appearance of anther emerging from the spike in each plant. Tagged ten spikes of main shoots were sampled at 5-day intervals starting from anthesis to 40 DAA and sampled spikes were oven-dried at 70⁰C for 72 hours. After oven-drying grains were sampled from the middle portion of the spike and their weight was taken with analytical balance (Model: AGN220C).The grain samples were used for sugar and starch analysis. Soluble sugar and starch content of grain was determined. Plants were hand-harvested by cutting them at ground level. Then grain number per spike and main stem grain dry weight were measured. All statistical analyses were performed by MSTAT-C program. The treatment means were compared using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level of significance. Graphical representation and simple data were calculated by using Microsoft Excel.

Source of Information: International Journal of Agronomy, Volume 2016, Article ID 9827863

Article Link (Online Journal): http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9827863

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Elevated temperature during postanthesis period had more deleterious effect in heat sensitive cultivar Pavon 76. On the other hand the minimal effect of elevated temperature in BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 26 was due to their inherent capacity to tolerate elevated temperature during postanthesis period.

Knowledge Management: Journal