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Effects of Tillage Methods and Residue Management on Soil Properties and Yield of Potato- Maize- T. Aman Rice Cropping Pattern

N.C. Shil
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701.

M.A. Rahman
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701.

A.T.M.A.I. Mondal
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701.

M.J. Alam
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701.

R.A. Begum
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Field experiments on Potato- Maize-Taman rice cropping patterns were conducted in Grey Terrace soil of Gazipur under AEZ - 28 and Dark Grey Floodplain Soil of Jamalpur under AEZ - 9 during 2013-14. The objectives of the studies were to observe the effect of tillage practices and residue management on soil properties and to increase the productivity of the said cropping sequence. Three tillage methods such as minimum tillage (4-6 cm depth) with power tiller operated seeder (PTOS), conventional tillage (10-12 cm depth) with power tiller and deep tillage (20-25 cm depth) by chisel were employed. Besides, three types of residue management options viz. farmers practice (without residue), 50% crop residue incorporation and 100% crop residue incorporation were studied in a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. The first crop, potato (cv BARl Alu 8: Cardinal) gave significantly higher yield for deeper tillage practices than minimum tillage at both the locations. Again deep tillage contributed significantly (p = 0.05) higher yield of maize (cv. BARl HM 7) at Gazipur but such effect was non significant at Jamalpur. Incorporation of potato residue increased the subsequent crop (maize) yield by 6-12%. Deep tillage with 100% residue management (T3M3) gave the highest yield (9.48 and 9.11 t ha^-1 for Gazipur and Jamalpur, respectively) of maize where tillage played major role. However, residue incorporation can minimize the yield gap between minimum tillage and deeper tillage practices in addition to its beneficial role in improving soil health.

Keywords: Tillage, Rice, Potato, Maize, Soil properties, Yield

Location: Joydebpur and Jamalpur

Start Date: 00-00-2013

End Date: 00-00-2014

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice, Maize, Potato

Objectives:

(i) To observe the effect the tillage practices and residue management on soil properties.

(ii) To increase the productivity of the said cropping sequence.

Methodology:

Field experiments on Potato-Maize-T.aman rice cropping pattern were conducted in Grey Terrace soil of Joydebpur under AEZ-28 and Dark Grey Floodplain Soil of Jamalpur under AEZ-9. The soil of Joydebpur was clay loam in texture having bulk density and particle density of 1.48 and 2.43 g cm^-3, respectively while porosity was 39.1 %. The field capacity and initial soil moisture content were 25.11 and 23.44%, respectively. The pH of the soil was 6.1 and the general fertility status was low. Loamy textured Floodplain Soil of Jamalpur had bulk density and particle density value of 1.39 and 2.62 g cm^-3, respectively with 46.95% pore space. Initial soil moisture content and field capacity were 24.68 and 29.42%, respectively. The soil pH was 6.4 and the general fertility status was low. Three tillage methods such as minimum tillage (4-6 cm depth) with power tiller operated seeder (PTOS), conventional tillage (10-12 cm depth) with power tiller and deep tillage (20-25 cm depth) by chisel were employed. Besides, three types of residue management options viz. farmers practice (without residue), 50% crop residue incorporation and 100% crop residue incorporation were studied. Thus 9 treatment combinations were arranged in two factor RCB design with three replications. For the first crop potato no residue was added but before the sowing of second crop, maize the residue (foliage biomass) of the previous potato was incorporated. The tested varieties were BARl Alu 8 (Cardinal) and BARI HM 7 for potato and hybrid maize, respectively. The crops were fertilized with Soil Test Based (STB) fertilizer dose as per FRG - 2012. The fertilizer dose for potato was N₁₅₀P₃₀K₁₂₀S₁₀Zn₁B₁ kg ha^-1 for Joydebpur and N₁₄₀P₂₃K₁₀₀S₁₀Zn₂B₁ kg ha^-1 for Jamalpur. In case of maize the dose was N₂₈₃P₆₇K₁₀₇S₃₄Zn₁B_1.5 kg ha^-1 and N₂₆₄P₅₇K₉₀S₃₆Zn₄B₁ kg ha^-1 for Joydebpur and Jamalpur, respectively. In case of potato, all PSZnB and ½K were applied at the end of final land preparation. Nitrogen as urea was applied in two equal splits at 5-7 days after sprouting (DAS) and also at 25-30 (DAS) along with rest of the K as top dress. For maize, all PSZnB and 2/3^rd K were applied as broadcast prior to sowing. Nitrogen as urea was applied in three equal splits 5 days after germination, stem elongation stage (8- 10 leaf stage) and at taselling stage. The rest of K was applied along with second dose of N at stem elongation stage. The seed tuber of potato was sown on 27 November, 2013 and 25 November 2013 for Gazipur and Jamalpur, respectively. Three irrigations were done for potato at stolonization (25 DAP), tuberization (40 OAP) and bulking (60 DAP) adopting furrow irrigation method. Maize also irrigated three times at plant establishment, 8-10 leaf stage (20-25 DAS) and taselling stage (45-50 DAS). The potato tubers were harvested on 02 March, 2014 at Gazipur while 03 March at Jamalpur. After the harvest of potato, the foliage biomass was incorporated into soil as per treatment before the cultivation of maize. From potato foliage (100% residue incorporation), 39 kg N, 4 kg P, 17 Kg K and 2 Kg S ha^-1 nutrients might have been added to the soil upon decomposition. All intercultural operations were done as per the requirement of the crop. After incorporation of potato residue with the aid of assigned tillage options, the seeds of maize were sown on 30 March 2014 at Gazipur and 03 March at Jamalpur. All intercultural operations were done as and when required. The maize was harvested on 07 July 2014 at Gazipur and 16 June at Jamalpur at its full maturity. All relevant data were collected for both the crops. The data were analyzed statistically following MSTAT-C program. The third crop, T. aman was in vegetative stage during the preparation of present report.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report 2013-2014, Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, pp: 19-25, September-2014.

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Achievement/Findings:

On the basis of yield, deep tillage is better but it involves more energy and expenditure and also ruins soil physical properties. Residue incorporation may be useful in minimizing the yield gap between minimum tillage and deeper tillage practices in addition to its role in improving soil physical, chemical and biological environments. However, the present study should be continued up to five years. (medium term level) to explore real benefits of tillage practices together with residue management in sustaining yield of the pattern and improving soil health.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings