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Reducing Urea Demand for Rice Crop Through Foliar Application of Urea in Boro Season

Ibrahim Hossain Manik
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Md Anwarul Abedin
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Md Rashedur Rahman
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Tusher Chakrobarty
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Sunain Bin Jaman
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Mahmud Al Noor
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Razia Sultana
Department of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study was carried out with a view to evaluating the effect of foliar application of urea on BRRI dhan29. The experiment was laid out in a RCBD design with seven treatments (T₁ : Full dose of prilled urea @ 140 Kg N ha^-1) (control), T₂ (50% prilled urea + 5 foliar spray @ 0.5% N solution @ 5.5 kg N spray^-1),T₃ (70% prilled urea + 3 foliar spray @ 0.5% N solution @ 5.5 kg N spray^-1), T₄ (50% prilled urea + 3 foliar spray @ 1.0% N solution @ 11 kg N spray^-1), T₅ (50% prilled urea + 5 foliar spray @ 0.5% N solution @ 5.5 kg N spray^-1 + 5 t ha^-1 cow dung), T₆ (70% prilled urea + 3 foliar spray @ 0.5% N solution @ 5.5 kg N spray^-1 + 5 t ha^-1 cow dung) and T₇ (50% prilled urea + 3 foliar spray @ 1.0% N solution @ 11 kg N spray^-1 + 5 t ha^-1 cow dung) and three replications. Soil and foliar application of nitrogen significantly influenced the growth and yield contributing characters like plant height, panicle length, and effective tillers hill^-1 as well as the grain and straw yields of the crop. The treatment T₅ produced the highest grain yield (6.68 t ha^-1) which was statistically similar to yield from T₇, T₆. Treatment T₂,T₃ and T₄ gave similar yield. The grain yields of these treatments were higher than those of T₁ treatment (soil application of urea only). The T₅ also produced the highest straw yield of the crop. The lowest grain yield of 4.72 t ha^-1 and the lowest straw yield of 5.17 t ha^-1 were recorded with T₁ (control).

Keywords: Urea; Boro season; BRRI dhan29; Foliar application

Location: Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh.

Start Date: 22-01-2015

End Date: 20-05-2015

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer, Rice

Objectives:

1. To see the effect of foliar application of urea in relation with soil application on the yield and yield contributing characters of BRRI dhan29.

2. To evaluate whether foliar application could replace the soil application of urea in boro rice cultivation.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during boro season from 22 January to 20 May 2015 under Non-Calcareous Dark Grey Floodplain Soil in the Old Brahmaputra Floodplain (AEZ 9). The experimental soil was silt loam, a member of AericHaplaquept. The soil belongs to the Inceptisol order having only few horizons, developed under aquic moisture regime and variable temperature regimes. BRRI dhan29, a high yielding variety of rice was used as the test crop in this experiment. This variety was released for boro season by the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI); Joydebpur, Gazipur in 1992 after regional and zonal trial and evaluation. The land was prepared thoroughly by ploughing and cross ploughing with a power tiller. Weeds and stubbles of the previous crop were collected and removed from the plot. After uniform labeling, the plots were laid out as per design of the experiment. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design. The entire experimental area was divided into three blocks representing three replications to reduce soil heterogenic effects and each block was divided into seven unit plots with raised bunds as per treatments. Thus the total number of unit plots was 21. The size of each unit plot was 4 m x 2.5 m. Plots were separated from one another by ails of 0.25 m. Unit blocks were separated from one another by 1 m drain. Treatments were randomly distributed within the blocks. Forty days old seedlings were carefully uprooted from a seedling nursery and transplanted on well puddled unit plots. Three healthy seedlings were transplanted in each hill. Necessary irrigations were provided to the plots as and when required and water level was maintained at 5 cm on soil surface in each unit plot during the growing period of rice crop. The experiment plots were infested with some common weeds, which were removed by uprooting from the field three times during the crop growth. The crop was attacked by stem borer insect at the tillering stage. Therefore, insecticide (CURATERR) was applied in the crop field to control the pest. Crop was harvested at full maturity on 20 May 2015. After harvesting the crop each plot was bundled separately and brought to threshing floor. The crops were then threshed, cleaned and processed. Five hills were randomly selected from each plot at maturity to record the yield contributing characters like plant height, panicle length, number of effective tillers hill^-1, number of filled grains panicle^-1 and 1000 - grain weight. The representative grain and straw samples were dried in an oven at 65°C for about 24 hours before they were ground by a grinding machine. The prepared samples were then stored in paper bags and finally kept into desiccators till analysis was done. For the determination of nitrogen 0.1 g of oven dry ground plant sample (grain or straw) was taken in a micro - kjeldahl flask. 1.1 g catalyst mixture (K₂SO₄: CuSO₄. 5H₂O: Se = 100:10:1), 3 ml 30% H₂O₂ and 5 ml H₂SO₄ were added into the flask. The flask was swirled and allowed to stand for about 10 minutes. Then heating was continued until the digest was clear and colorless. After cooling, the content was taken into a 100 ml volumetric flask and the volume was made up to the mark with dis tilled water. A reagent blank was prepared in a similar manner. Total N content of plant sample was determined following Micro - Kjeldahl method. After completion of digestion 40% NaOH was added with the digest for distillation. Finally the titration of distillate trapped in H₃B0₃ with 0.01 N H₂SO₄ was done until the color changed from green to pink. After chemical analysis of grain and straw samples, the nitrogen content was calculated. Nitrogen uptakes were calculated from the following formula: Nitrogen uptake (kg/ha) = (Nitrogen content (%) x Yield (kg/ha)} x 100. Then, the collected data were analyzed statistically by F - test to examine the treatments effects and the mean differences were adjudged by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) (Gomez and Gomez, 1984) and ranking was indicated by letters.

Source of Information: Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(1): 79-85, April 2016, ISSN: 2409-0603

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v3i1.27860

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It can be concluded that, soil application of urea is replaceable by soil application of 50% urea coupled with 5 foliar application of urea and 5 t/ha cow dung. However, further research on different locations of Bangladesh is needed for making final recommendation.

Knowledge Management: Journal