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Interspecific Competition, Growth and Productivity of Maize and Pea in Intercropping Mixture

Prabir Chandra Dhar
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Md. Abdul Awal
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Md. Satu Sultan
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Md. Masud Rana
Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field trial was conducted to study the interspecific competition, growth and productivity of maize and pea in intercropping mixture in the department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University from November 2009 to April 2010. In this intercrop association, maize was considered as main crop and pea as intercrop. The experiment comprised of four treatments namely, (i) sole maize, (ii) sole pea, (iii) single row intercropping mixture (1M:1P i.e. single row of maize followed by single row of pea), and (iv) double row intercropping mixture (₁M:₂P i.e., single row of maize followed by double rows of pea). Dry matter accumulation in cob/pod of each population plants was the maximum in sole cropped plants while that was found minimum in ₁M: ₂P intercropped plants especially for pea while ₁M: ₁P intercropped plants ranked intermediate. The ₁M:₂P combined maize and pea mixture produced maximum seed yield (7.82 t ha^-1 ) which was about 10, 28 and 47% higher yield than the yield obtained from 1M:1P combined mixture stands (7.04 t ha^-1 ), sole maize (5.65 t ha ^{- 1} ) and sole pea (4.15 t ha^-1 ), respectively. The single and double row combined intercropping mixtures gave the highest land equivalent ratio (1.31 and 1.47) and area time equivalent ratio (1.33 and 1.25, respectively). In both ₁M: ₁P and ₁M: ₂P intercropping mixtures , maize population exhibited strongly higher competition over pea. The ₁M: ₁P and ₁M: ₂P intercropping mixtures generated 1.44 and 1.71 - fold higher maize equivalent yield as compared to the yield obtained from maize alone .

Keywords: Competitive ratio, Dry matter accumulation, Land equivalent ratio, Intercropping

Location: Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-11-2009

End Date: 00-04-2010

Program Area: Farming System

Commodity: Maize, Pea

Objectives:

To assess the suitability of pea plants as intercrop with maize stands and to find out the competition between maize and pea stands, and their growth and productivity in intercropping mixture as compared to their sole crops.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Field Laboratory of the Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, during the period from November 2009 to April 2010. Soil o f the experimental field was more or less neutral with a pH value of 6.7, low in organic matter and fertility level. The land type was medium high with silty loam texture. The region belongs to sub - tropical humid climate. A tall stature maize variety, BM - 7 (BARI Maize - 7) was used as dominant/principal crop while a short stature pea variety, BARI Pea - 3 (Ashuri) was used as subordinate/companion crop in the intercropping system. The experiment comprised of four treatments namely, (i) sole maize, (ii) sole pea, (iii) single row intercropping mixture (₁M:₁P i.e. single row of maize followed by single row of pea) , and (iv) double row intercropping mixture (₁M:₂P i.e., single row of maize followed by double rows of pea). The experiment was laid out following randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated thrice. Row to row distance was 100 cm for SM and 50 cm for SP. In ₁M: ₁P, row to row distance of maize was 100 cm where companion pea row were grown in between the maize row. The size of each unit plot was 5m×4m. The cowdung and the fertilizers of urea, triple super phosphate (TSP) muriate of potash (MOP), gypsum, zinc sulphat (ZnSO₄) and boric acid were applied in the plots corresponding to 217, 6.5 2, 9.73, 6.18, 0.608 and 0.434 kg/ha, respectively. At the time of final land preparation the total amount of cowdung, half of amount of total urea and entire dose of other fertilizers were mixed to the soil. Rest half of amount of the total urea was applied with two equal splits at 25 and 45 days after sowing (DAS). The first sampling for recording data on different growth parameters was started at 30 DAS and continued at an interval of 10 days till maturity of pe a on 80 DAS or maize on 140 DAS. The harvested plants were oven dried at 80±2 °C till constant weight and their dry weight was recorded with an electronic balance. The data on growth, yield components and yield of the crops were collected. The collected data on various parameters were compiled and statistically analyzed. Analysis of variance was calculated using the computer software program MSTAT - C. The mean differences were evaluated by LSD or Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research, Vol. 3, No. 10, p. 5-12, 2013, ISSN: 2223-7054

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It can be concluded from the present experiment that maize and pea crops are well compatible in inter crop association, and double row intercropping mixture i.e. single row of maize followed by double row of pea would be better for profitable production of maize and pea crops under the existing agro - ecological conditions of Bangladesh.

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