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Comparative Efficacy of the Conventional and Experimentally Developed Duck Plague Vaccine

M.T. Hossain
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M.A. Islam
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M.M. Amin
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M.A. Islam
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The comparative efficacy between the conventional vaccine (DLS-DPV) and experimentally prepared duck plague vaccine (BAU-DPV) was evaluated in seventy-five 35-day-old Zinding breed ducklings during the period from October/02 to March/03. The ducklings were equally divided into five groups (A, B, C, D and E). Ducklings of group A and B were primarily vaccinated with 0.5 ml and 1.0 ml of DLS-DPV respectively and those of group C and D were primarily vaccinated with 0.5 ml and 1.0 ml of BAU-DPV. The ducklings of group E were kept as unvaccinated control. Five months after primary vaccination all the ducks of vaccinated groups were boosted with 1.0 ml of DLS-DPV and BAU-DPV and 21 days after booster vaccination all the ducks of vaccinated and control groups were challenged with 1ml of 10⁴ EID₅₀ of virulent field isolate of duck plague virus (DPV). The level of immunity developed in different vaccinated groups of ducks was measured by passive hemagglutination (PHA) test. The mean PHA titre of birds of group A, B, C and D after primary vaccination were 38.4 ± 6.4, 28.8 ± 3.2, 51.2 ± 7.84 and 38.4 ± 6.4 and after booster vaccination were 153.6 ± 25.6, 76.8 ± 12.8, 358.4 ± 62.71 and 115.2 ± 12.8 respectively. Results of PHA test indicated that experimentally prepared duck plague (BAU-DPV) vaccine revealed higher immune response compared to that of the conventional (DLS-DPV) vaccine and results of the challenge experiment indicated that the mean PHA titre over 100 after booster vaccination revealed 100% protection.

Keywords: Efficacy, Conventional, Experimentally, Duck plague, Vaccine

Location: Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, BAU, Mymensingh.

Start Date: 00-10-2002

End Date: 00-03-2003

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Duck

Objectives:

To study the comparative efficacy between conventional vaccine (DLS-DPV) and experimental prepared duck plague vaccine (BAU-DPV).

Methodology:

The local virulent duck plague virus (DPV) isolate was obtained from the laboratory repository of the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, BAU, Mymensingh and was used as stock virus for the experimental production of duck plague vaccine (BAU- DPV). The conventional vaccine (DLS-DPV) produced by the Directorate of Livestock Service (DLS) at the Livestock Research Institute (LRI), Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh was collected. Fertile eggs of both ducks and chicken were purchased from the Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) Poultry farm throughout the experiment. A total of 75 Zinding breed ducklings of 35- day-old were purchased from the Government Poultry Farm, Kishoregonj and were rared during the whole period of study. BAU- DPV vaccine was prepared with a local virulent isolate of DPV by attenuating the virus in embryonated chicken eggs. Before attenuation, the DPV was serially passaged in embryonated duck eggs of 10-day-old upto 5^th passage. The duck embryo adapted DPV isolate was then attenuated by passage in the 11-day-old embryonated chicken egg through chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) route of inoculation and such inoculation was continued upto 16^th passage. After completion of the 16^th passage, sterility, safety and potency test of the BAU-DPV vaccine was performed as per the methods. A total of 75 ducklings of healthy Zinding breed of 35-day-old birds were selected for this study. The birds were divided into group A, B, C, D and E. During primary vaccination, the ducklings of group A and B were vaccinated with 0.5ml and 1.0 ml of DLS-DPV vaccine and the ducklings of group C and D were vaccinated with 0.5 ml and 1.0 ml of BAU-DPV vaccine while group E was kept as unvaccinated control. During booster vaccination all the groups of ducklings were vaccinated with 1.0 ml of the vaccines i.e. group A and B were vaccinated with DLS-DPV vaccine and group C and D were vaccinated with BAU-DPV vaccine. Comparative efficacy of both the vaccines were studied by passive hemagglutination (PHA) test as per method discribed. 21 days after booster vaccination all ducks of vaccinated and control groups were challenged with 1 ml of 10⁴ EID₅₀ of virulent field isolate of DPV. Protection test was performed as per the method described in OIE.

Source of Information: International Journal of Poultry Science 4 (6): 369-371, 2005, ISSN 1682-8356

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.pjbs.org/ijps/fin367.pdf

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The highest mean PAH titre is 51.2 ± 7.84 at primary vaccination followed by 358.4 ± 62.71 at booster vaccination. Ducklings of all the groups vaccinated with DLS-DPV or BAU-DPV vaccines gave good result. But ducklings of group C vaccinated with 0.5ml of BAU-DPV vaccine gave the highest mean PHA titre after primary and booster vaccination and the protection rate was also very good i.e. 100%. Thus it may be concluded that 0.5 ml BAU-DPV vaccine was relatively better than 1.0 ml. B AU-DPV, 0.5 ml and 1.0 ml DLS-DPV vaccine.

Knowledge Management: Journal