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Variation of Aflatoxin Level in Different Poultry Feeds Used in Different Poultry Farms of Bangladesh Round the Year

M.M.H. Khan
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Sylhet Government Veterinary College, Tilagor, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh.

B. Chowdhury
Department of Biochemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

M.R.H. Bhuiya
Department of Biochemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

M. Rahim
Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

As quality of feed is the main determinant factor in successful poultry farming attempts were made to evaluate the quality of feeds used in the farms of Bangladesh in respect of aflatoxin. Feed samples were collected from two layer farms, four big hatcheries and six broiler farms located in different areas of Bangladesh and the collection was continued for twelve months. In feed samples collected during the twelve months, aflatoxin content was found to vary from 0 to 98 ppb. Only aflatoxin B1 was detected in the feed samples and the percentage of incidence was at a maximum in the months of June, July and August, while and from November to February, no aflatoxin was detected in any feed. Higher amount of aflatoxin accumulation in the poultry feed was noticed in rainy season. A positive correlation (0.814) was found to exist between the moisture and aflatoxin contents of the feed. Feed used in the breeder farm was superior to those of broiler and layer farms with respect to aflatoxin content. Poor quality maize could be considered as a source of aflatoxin contamination in poultry feed as it contained reasonable amount of the toxin (23 to 121 ppb) irrespective of the season. Storage condition as practiced in the farm and the left-over feed of the farm might not have contributed to the elevation of aflatoxin level in poultry feed.

Keywords: Aflatoxin, Poultry feed, Poultry farms, Moisture content

Location: Mymensingh, Gazipur, Dhaka, Chittagong.

Start Date: 00-12-2000

End Date: 00-11-2001

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Feed

Objectives:

To evaluate the quality of feeds used in the farms of Bangladesh in respect of aflatoxin.

Methodology:

Feed samples were collected from twelve different poultry farms located in different areas of Bangladesh. Four of them were situated at Mymensingh, five at Gazipur; two at Dhaka and one was selected from those at Chittagong. Among them two were layer farms, four were big hatcheries and the rest were broiler-farms. Feed samples were collected twice a month at an interval of fifteen days between each successive collection. Feed collection was begun from December 2000 and continued till November 2001 and a composite sampling was made in each occasion. Considering the individual farms and date of collection, each collected sample was endorsed with a code number, The samples were kept in refrigerator (-22ºC) till subjected to quantification of aflatoxin. The moisture content of the feed sample was done in Biochemistry Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The incidence of aflatoxin was reported to be associated with specific foodstuff such as peanut, maize or rice etc. Considering the wide use of maize in poultry feed, whole maize was collected from the retailer shop and analyzed for aflatoxin content. The left-over was collected from the poultry farm for aflatoxin quantification. The feed samples were ground by using micro grinder (A-10 Analytical mill. Tekmar. Germany) and was passed through 100 mesh sieve. Dry matter was determined according to AOAC. Aflatoxin was determined in toxicology laboratory of the Institute of Food Science and Technology (IFST), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka. Extraction was done according to method. Twenty-five grams of ground feed were taken in a blender and 125 ml of acetone and water (106:19) was added with it. It was blended for 2 minutes in high speed and was filtered. The filtrate was collected and 1.5 g of CuCO₃ was added with it. In another conical flask 85 ml of 0.2 M NaOH and 15 ml of FeCl₃ solution (66.6g/l H₂O) was added where slurry was formed. That slurry was added with the filtrate containing CuCO₃ and was again filtered. Seventy-five milliliters of filtrate, 75 ml of 0.03% H₂SO₄ and 5 ml of chloroform were taken in a separatory funnel and were shaken vigorously. The chloroform layer was separated and was washed with 50 ml [KOH(2.24g/l) + KCl (6g/l)] solution. Two milliliter of chloroform was collected in a vial and was dried up. Thus the extraction was completed. Aflatoxin was quantitated according to the method of Coker et al.. A silica gel (60) coated 20 x 20 cm². TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) plate was used for separation of aflatoxin. (Layer thickness 0.2 mm.; E. Merck Darmstadt, Germany).The extract collected and dried up in the vial was dissolved in 50 µl of chloroform. The plate was spotted by using micropipette. Aflatoxin standard (B1, B2, G1 and G2) was spotted on TLC plate. The sample was also spotted as 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 µl. The plate was developed in chloroform acetone (9:1) solution for 20 minutes. The running of chromatogram was one-dimensional and ascending. After development he plate was dried for 5 minutes at 60 ºC. It was then placed under UV lamp (360 nm) and the quantity of aflatoxin was assayed by comparing with standard aflatoxin.

Source of Information: International Journal of Poultry Science 4 (6): 382-387, 2005, ISSN 1682-8356

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.pjbs.org/ijps/ab250.htm

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

On the basis of this study the following conclusion can be made. The quality of feed used in the breeder farms appeared to be better than those of broiler and layer farms. The feed produced by the renowned feed-mill are better than those from retailer shop. A seasonal variation is found in case of dry matter (%) of the feed. In wet season dry matter (%) of the feed decreases. A seasonal variation of aflatoxin content in the poultry feed has been observed. Storage practice and the left-over feed may not be considered as factors in the elevation of aflatoxin level of the feed. Feed ingredients such as maize may be considered as a great factor in the elevation of aflatoxin level of the feed.

Knowledge Management: Journal