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Seroprevalence of Salmonella and Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Infection in the Six Model Breeder Poultry Farms at Patuakhali District in Bangladesh

A. J. Sikder
Kalapara, Patuakhali, Bangladesh

M. A. Islam
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. M. Rahman
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. B. Rahman
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study was undertaken to know the seroprevalence of Salmonella and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection in six model breeder poultry farms (MBPFs) located at kalapara Upazilla under Patuakhali district, Bangladesh. A total of 364 sera samples were collected from chickens belonging to six MBPFs. All sera samples were examined by rapid serum plate agglutination (SPA) test using commercial Salmonella (SP) and MG antigens to determine the presence of Salmonella and MG specific antibodies in different age and sex of birds belonging to MBPFs. In addition to that prevalence of Salmonella and Mycoplasma infection in MBPFs during rainy and winter seasons were also recorded. The results of serological tests were analyzed statistically. The overall prevalence of Salmonella and Mycoplasma infection in six MBPFs were recorded as 23.46% and 46.88% respectively. Prevalence of salmonella was recorded highest in rainy season (25.00%) than the winter season (21.88). On the contrary, Mycoplasma infection was recorded highest in winter season (61.45%) than the rainy season (51.74%). Both Salmonella and Mycoplasma infections were recorded highest in female birds (24.10%) than the male birds (15.62%). The prevalence of MG infection decreased with the increase of age. MG infection recorded highest 71.42% at 18 weeks of age and lowest 50% at 22 weeks of age. On the other hand, the prevalence Salmonella infection was increased with the increase age. Salmonella infection was found highest 30.76% at 39 weeks of age and lowest 13.33% at 32 weeks of age. It was concluded from the present study that both Salmonella and MG infection were significantly present in all six MBPFs and SPA test could be used as a tool for quick detection of Salmonella and MG infection.

Keywords: Seroprevalence, Salmonella, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Model breeder poultry farms

Location: Kalapara Upazilla, Patuakhali district, Bangladesh.

Start Date: 00-01-2004

End Date: 00-08-2004

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Poultry

Objectives:

Objective of this study was to know the status of Salmonellosis and Mycoplasmosis in chickens of MBPFs in order to take an effective control measure.

Methodology:

The research work was conducted in six MBPFs during the period from January 2004 to August 2004. Of six MBPFs three were located at Tiakhali union and rest of the three were located at Nilganj union under Kalapara Upazilla of Patuakhali district, Bangladesh. Each MBPF consisted of 54 Fayoumi and 6 Rhode Island Red (RIR). The ratio of hen and cock was 9: 1 in a MBPF. A total of 364 blood samples were collected from the birds belonging to six MBPF during winter (January- February) and rainy (July-August) seasons for the preparation of sera. Blood samples were collected aseptically from the wing vein of birds using 5ml sterile disposable syringes and needles. Then the samples were kept at room temperature for two hours to clot blood inside the syringe. After clotting, fluid portion of blood were placed in graduated centrifuge tubes and centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 30 minutes. The clear sera samples were poured in sterile vials which was labeled and transferred to the Laboratory of the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, BAU, Mymensingh in iceboxes for the detection of Salmonella and MG infection by SPA test. Standard Salmonella (Nobilis SP) antigen manufactured by Intervet International, Holland was used for SPA test for the detection of Salmonella antibodies in the sera samples. Standard Mycoplasma allisepticum (Nobilis(R) (MG) antigen manufactured by Intervet International, Holland was used for SPA test for the detection of M. gallisepticum antibodies in the sera samples. The SPA test was performed according to the procedure described in OIE manual, 2000, with crystal violet stained Salmonella antigen (Noblis SP antigen). For this test 0.02 ml of antigen and 0.02 ml of chicken sera were placed side by side with a micropipette on a glass plate. In order to determine Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection the SPA test was conducted according to the instruction of OIE Manual (2000). For this test 0.02 ml antigen and 0.02 ml of chicken sera were placed side by side with a micropipette on a glass plate. Then antigen and sera samples were mixed properly by stirring with small tooth pick. Results of SPA tests were recorded within 2 minutes. In positive cases granules were formed slowly within 2 minutes. In negative case, no such granules were formed within two minutes indicating that antibody against Mycoplasma gallisepticum were absent in the test sera samples. The results of SPA test were recorded. The results of serological test were analyzed statistically which was based on geographic location of MBPFs, age and sex of the birds belonging to MBPFs and seasonal incidence of Salmonella and Mycoplasma infection.

Source of Information: International Journal of Poultry Science 4 (11): 905-910, 2005, ISSN 1682-8356

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.pjbs.org/ijps/fin449.pdf

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In flock no.1, the prevalence of Salmonella infection was found to be 13.33% at first sampling but it increased to 14.70% at second sampling (5 months after first sampling). The prevalence of Salmonella infection also increased from first sampling to second sampling from 21.87% to 24% in flock no. 2, 19.44% to 27.58% in flock no. 3, 14.28% to 25% in flock no. 4 and 28.57% to 30% in flock no. 5 and 30.25% to 30.76% in flock no.6. The prevalence rate was recorded the highest (30.76%) in flock no. 6, during second sampling at the age of 39 weeks. It may be concluded from the study that SPA test can be used for quick detection of Salmonella and MG infection.

Knowledge Management: Journal