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Current Scenario of the Small-scale Broiler Farming in Bangladesh: Potentials for the Future Projection

Md. Saiful Islam
Department of Bioscience and Food Production Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Japan

Sasaki Takashi
Department of Science of Food Resource Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Japan

Kaniz Quamrun Nahar Chhabi 122, Department of Bioscience and Food Production Science, Faculty of Agriculture, 1 Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Japan
Department of Science of Food Resource Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Japan

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

In Bangladesh, there are two types of broiler farming of which contract broiler farming is still under trial while independent small-scale broiler farming is dominant and performed for the development of broiler sector. The present study examined the potentials of small-scale independent broiler farms and farmers’ economic behavior in relation to farm size. Farm size is found to be closely related to farmers’ behavior and attitude. Farmers’ behavior and attitude appeared to be very crucial factor for the development of broiler production. The primary data were collected from the independent small-scale farms in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. The results showed that independent small-scale broiler farming is a profitable venture for rural farmers. Farmers are involving in this sector because of lower investment, less space requirement, utilization of family labor and quick returns. To examine the farmers’ behavior, farmers were classified into two income goal groups in terms of total per capita income: a) First Income Goal Group (FIGG) and b) Second Income Goal Group (SIGG). The economic behaviors of the farmers were differed by income goal groups. Most of the farmers belonging to the FIGG were interested to enlarge their farm size, the opposed trend has been observed in farmers of SIGG. Economic behavior and attitude should be considered in making any suggestion and recommendation for changing the existing level of small-scale broiler farming.

Keywords: Independent broiler farming, Contract farming, Potential, Behavior, Rural

Location: Mymensingh Sadar Upazilla, Mymensingh district, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-06-2008

End Date: 00-09-2008

Program Area: Socio-economic and Policy

Commodity: Poultry

Objectives:

To evaluate the current economic condition of the independent small-scale broiler farmers in rural Bangladesh,
To Evaluate the farmers’ economic behavior in respect to profit in farms with various sizes analyze, and
To assesses the possibility of development and expansion of farms in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

In order to fulfill the objectives of the study, the Sadar Upazilla of Mymensingh district was selected considering the concentration of broiler farms in that area. A total of 50 farmers out of 126 farmers (40% sampling intensity) were interviewed using structured and pre-tested interview schedules. Data were collected on a memory recall basis for a one year production cycle. The data were collected during June to September 2008, on a regular basis by the first author. Information on the contract farming system were collected from the officials of Aftab Bahumukhi Farms Limited (ABFL) at Kishoregonj district and Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) head office at Dhaka, in 2008 and 2009, through personal communication. Small-scale farmers in the study areas were usually practicing different number of batches in a year having various numbers of birds ranging from 300-2000 individuals in each batch. Changing batch number in a year and bird numbers in each batch was the common feature for farmers in rearing broilers. Farmers’ attitude and behavior were closely related with various farms sizes. To explore such an attitudinal and behavioral relationship with farm in various sizes, farms were classified into three categories as 1000-3000, 3001- 5000 and more than 5000 broilers per year. The categorization of various farm sizes would help to explore farmers’ income behavior in connection with their family expenditure. Therefore, farmers’ economic behavior was analyzed not only on the basis of their income from broiler farming but also considering other sources as total household income and per capita income. There were about 110,800 broiler farms of various sizes in Bangladesh (BRAC, 2006) and yet at present the two enterprises ABFL and BRAC together handle only 600 (ABFL-250; BRAC-350) contract farms. ABFL at Kishoregonj district, a pioneer in the contract farming system, began broiler production under contract with 20 selected farmers in 1994 on credit. In 2002, the number of broiler farms had increased to 650 and this number remained static until 2003. Following the ABFL venture, BRAC also entered into contract farming with 20 selected farmers in 2001 on credit in Sherpur district. The number of farms had increased to 75 in 2002 and thereafter remained static until 2004. This may be due to the fact that at the beginning, farmers had a growing interest in this innovation and made a genuine and honest effort to increase productivity. The production of broilers under contract entails agreements between farmers and integrators that specify the conditions of producing and marketing the broilers. These two contract systems are almost identically similar, barring the following differences: the ABFL operates an insurance scheme to cover the production risk of the farmers against losses arising from the death of birds owing to disease or other reasons. On the other hand, in the case of BRAC, risks is borne entirely by the farmers, and had no internal insurance schemes to cover the risk of losses to them. This section presents the characteristics of the independent small-scale broiler farms surveyed. There were no significant difference in variables of age, education, experience, family member, landholdings and average batches per year among the farmers in three groups. Therefore, all sample farmers could possibly had the same socio-economic background.

Source of Information: International Journal of Poultry Science 9 (5): 440-445, 2010, ISSN 1682-8356

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.pjbs.org/ijps/fin1711.pdf

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present study revealed that, small-scale independent broiler farming is potential to increase profit, employment opportunity and per capita income with increased meat production efficiency. Economic efficiency of broiler production is increased with the increase of farm size. The economic behavior and attitude was different among the farmers who reared more than 5000 birds and reared less than 5000. There is still possibility of increasing the farm size. Most of the farmers with less than 5000 birds were interested to enlarge their farm, however, if the farm size had more than 5000 birds it was that the farmers were showing fewer tendencies for expanding their farms. Therefore, both the increase of farm size and wider expansion of farm number throughout the country might be necessary for increasing the production of broiler meat. The farmers have the intention to use their own backyard land and family labor to maximize their farm income.

Knowledge Management: Journal