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Sero-epidemiology of Avian Influenza Virus in Native Chicken in Bangladesh

G.M. Nooruddin
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agriculture University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M.T. Hossain
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agriculture University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. Mohammad
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000-Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

M.M. Rahman
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000-Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Sero-epidemiological investigation was carried out to determine avian influenza virus in native chickens at Dagonbhuyian, Feni district in Bangladesh. A total of 224 sera samples were collected from the chickens of key beneficiaries during monsoon, winter and summer seasons. All sera samples were examined for the detection of antibodies of Avian influenza virus by indirect enzyme linked Immunosorbant assay using commercially available Kits. The seroprevalence was found 25% in Ram Nagar union, 14.28% Matubhuyian union, 0% in Rajapur union and 0% Jaylashker union. The overall seroprevalence of avian influenza was recorded 9.82%. Sero-epidemiology of virus in relation to seasonal variation was also carried out in the study areas and it was recorded 14.45% during monsoon, 3.70% during winter and 11.67% during summer season. The investigation exhibited higher prevalence of avian influenza in hens (10.83%) than cocks (8.65%). The investigation revealed the highest (12.80%) prevalence in birds > 34 weeks of age group and the lowest (3.13%) in birds of 8-16 weeks of age. However, Quick antigen detection kit for avian influenza virus identification did not show positive results of the samples collected for virological study.

Keywords: Sero-epidemiology, Avian influenza, Prevalence, ELISA

Location: Dagonbhuyian Upazilla under Feni district in Bangladesh.

Start Date: 00-07-2005

End Date: 00-04-2006

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Chicken, Virus

Objectives:

To study sero-epidemiology of avian influenza in native chickens of selected poultry rearing areas in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The present research work was conducted at Dagonbhuyian Upazilla under Feni district, in Bangladesh. In the area Small holder Livestock Development Project-2 (poultry rearing project) has been implemented by Grassroots Health and Rural Organization for Nutrition Initiative (GHARONI) a Non Government Organization and Directorate of Livestock Services. Laboratory work was conducted in the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. A total of 224 blood samples were randomly collected from the 'Native' chickens belonging to key tearers of Small Livestock Development Project (SLDP- 2) areas from July 2005 to April 2006 to obtain sera conducting serological tests. At the same time 224 cloacal swabs were also collected from the same bird of the same area for the isolation and identification of avian influenza virus during the above period. The samples were preserved at -20°C until use. Commercial ELISA kits (BioChek, Crabethstraat 38-C 2801 AN Gouda, Holland) was used for the detection of antibodies against avian influenza virus. The protocol for ELISA was followed as per the instructions supplied with the kits. Briefly, the reagents were allowed to keep at room temperature and then mixed by inverting. The sample positions were recorded on a work sheet. Serum sample was diluted in 1 :500 dilutions with diluent buffer. An amount 100 µI of pre- diluted positive and negative controls and diluted samples were added to appropriate wells of ELISA plate. Each sample and controls (positive and negative) was run in duplicate for optimum result. The plate was covered with an adhesive cover and incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes. Adhesive cover was removed and the plate was washed 4 times with wash buffer (300 µI per well).An amount of 1 00 µI of enzyme conjugate reagent was added to each well and the plate was covered with an adhesive cover and incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes. After washing @100 µI substrate was added to each well and incubated at room temperature for 15 minutes. An amount 100 µI of stop solution was added to each well and mixed by gently tapping at the side of the plate. The reading of the result was taken by using a microtitre plate reader at 405-nm wavelength The method of calculation for ELISA results was done as per protocol supplied. Quick S-in flu A/B kit was used for detection of avian influenza virus. It is a colloidal gold immunoassay kit for the detection of nucleoprotein and differentiation of influenza virus type A and B. The test was performed according to manufacturer's instructions. Known positive and negative control samples supplied with the kit were used simultaneously. The presence or absence of antibody to avian influenza virus is determined by relating the A (650) value of the unknown to the positive control mean. The positive control has been standardized and represents significant antibody levels to AIV in chicken serum. The relative level of antibody in the unknown can be determined by calculating the sample to positive (S/P) ratio. A serum samples with SIP ratios of less than or equal to 0.5 considered negative. SIP ratios greater than 0.5 (titters greater than 668) considered positive and indicates vaccination or other exposure to avian influenza virus.

Source of Information: International Journal of Poultry Science Volume 5, Number 11, 1029-1033, 2006, ISSN 1682-8356

Article Link (Online Journal): http://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijps.2006.1029.1033

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The overall seroprevalence of avian influenza was recorded 9.82%. Sero-epidemiology of virus in relation to seasonal variation was also carried out in the study areas and it was recorded 14.45% during monsoon, 3.70% during winter and 11.67% during summer season. The investigation exhibited higher prevalence of avian influenza in hens (10.83%) than cocks (8.65%). The investigation revealed the highest (12.80%) prevalence in birds > 34 weeks of age group and the lowest (3.13%) in birds of 8-16 weeks of age. However, Quick antigen detection kit for avian influenza virus identification did not show positive results of the samples collected for virological study.

Knowledge Management: Journal