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Antihyperglycemic Activity Studies on Methanol Extract of Petrea Volubilis L. (verbenaceae) Leaves and Excoecaria Agallocha L. (euphorbiaceae) Stems

Mahabuba Rahman
Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

Aziza Siddika
Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

Bithika Bhadra
Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

Shahnaz Rahman
Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

Bipasha Agarwala
Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

Majeedul H. Chowdhury
New York City College of Technology, The City University of New York, 300, Jay Street, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.

Mohammed Rahmatullah
Pro-Vice Chancellor and Dean
Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Development Alternative, House No. 78, Road No. 11A (new), Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Petrea volubilis L. (Verbenaceae, local name: nilmoni lota) is a vinous plant found in various regions of Bangladesh. Excoecaria agallocha L. (Euphorbiaceae, local name: gewa) is a mangrove species found in the Sunderbans forest region in the south-western coastal districts of the country. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic potential of leaves of P. volubilis, and stems of E. agallocha, both plant parts being used in the folk medicinal system of Bangladesh for treatment of a variety of ailments, including diabetes. Antihyperglycemic activity was studied by oral glucose tolerance tests in glucose-loaded Swiss albino mice. The methanol extract of leaves of P. volubilis showed dose-dependent and significant reductions of serum glucose levels in mice, when evaluated at doses ranging from 50 to 400 mg per kg body weight. At a dose of 400 mg leaf extract/kg body weight, the reduction in glucose level was comparable to that of the standard antihyperglycemic drug, glibenclamide, administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight. The methanol extract of stems of E. agallocha demonstrated more potent antihyperglycemic activity compared to glibenclamide, when examined at doses of 200 and 400 mg per kg body weight. The results indicate that the leaves of P. volubilis and stems of E. agallocha can be potential sources of antidiabetic drugs.

Keywords: Petrea volubilis, Excoecaria agallocha, Antihyperglycemic, Mice

Location: Institutional Animal Ethical Committee of University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Conservation and Biodiversity

Commodity: Medicinal Plants

Objectives:

To evaluate the antihyperglycemic potential of leaves of P. volubilis, and stems of E. agallocha.

Methodology:

The leaves of P. volubilis were collected from Dhaka district in August 2010. The plant was taxonomically identified by Bangladesh National Herbarium at Dhaka (Accession Number 35,048). The leaves of P. volubilis were air-dried in the shade for 120 hours, grounded into a fine powder, and were extracted with methanol at a ratio of 1:3 (w/v). After 24 hours, the mixture was filtered; filtrate was collected and the residue was again extracted with methanol at a ratio of 1:2 (w/v) for 24 hours. Filtrates were combined and evaporated to dryness. The initial weight of dried leaf powder used for extraction was 100 g; the final weight of the extract was 3.94 g. The stems of E. agallocha were collected from the Sunderbans forest region in Satkhira district during January 2010. The plant was taxonomically identified by Bangladesh National Herbarium at Dhaka (Accession Number 34971). Stems were sliced into small pieces, dried and pulverized to a fine powder. 100 g of the stem powder was extracted for 24 hours with methanol at a ratio of 1:4 (w/v). After 24 hours, the mixture was filtered; filtrate was collected and the residue was again extracted with methanol at a ratio of 1:4 (w/v) for 24 hours. Filtrates were combined and evaporated to dryness. The final weight of the extract was 7.04 g. Glacial acetic acid was obtained from Sigma Chemicals, USA; glibenclamide and glucose were obtained from Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Bangladesh. All other chemicals were of analytical grade. In the present study, Swiss albino mice (male), which weighed between 14-20 g were used. The animals were obtained from International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B). All animals were kept under ambient temperature with 12h light followed by a 12h dark cycle. The animals were acclimatized for one week prior to actual experiments. The study was conducted following approval by the Institutional Animal Ethical Committee of University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Glucose tolerance property of methanol extract of P. volubilis leaves and E. agallocha stems was determined as per the procedure previously described by Joy and Kuttan (1999) with minor modifications. In brief, fasted mice were grouped into eight groups. The various groups received different treatments like Group-I received vehicle (1% Tween 80 in water, 10 ml/kg body weight) and served as control, Group-II received standard drug (glibenclamide, 10 mg/kg body weight), Groups III-VI received the methanol extract of P. volubilis leaves at four different doses of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight; Groups VII and VIII were administered methanol extract of E. agallocha stems at doses of 200 and 400 mg per kg body weight, respectively. Each mouse was weighed and doses adjusted accordingly prior to administration of vehicle, standard drug, and test samples. All substances were orally administered. Following a period of one hour, all mice were orally administered 2 g glucose/kg of body weight. Blood samples were collected two hours after the glucose administration through puncturing heart. Serum glucose levels were measured by glucose oxidase method.

Source of Information: Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, C(C): CC-CC, 2010, ISSN 1995-0772

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The methanol extract of leaves of P. volubilis showed dose-dependent and significant reductions of serum glucose levels in mice, when evaluated at doses ranging from 50 to 400 mg per kg body weight. At a dose of 400 mg leaf extract/kg body weight, the reduction in glucose level was comparable to that of the standard antihyperglycemic drug, glibenclamide, administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight. The methanol extract of stems of E. agallocha demonstrated more potent antihyperglycemic activity compared to glibenclamide, when examined at doses of 200 and 400 mg per kg body weight. The results indicated that the leaves of P. volubilis and stems of E. agallocha can be potential sources of antidiabetic drugs.

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