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Effect of Trichoderma on Seed Germination and Seedling Parameters in Chili

M. S. Islam
Principal Scientific Officer
Hybrid Rice Project, BRRI, Gazipur-1701

M. A. Rahman
Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

S. H. Bulbul
Researcher
BAS-BRRI-34- Project, Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701

M. F. Alam
Biotechnology and Microbiology laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

T. virens IMI-392430, T. pseudokoningii IMI-392431, T. harzianum IMI-392432, T. harzianum IMI-392433 and T. harzianum IMI-392434 were evaluated for their potentiality on seed germination and seedling parameters in chili both laboratory and field conditions. Chili seeds were coated with spore suspension of each test strains of Thichoderma supplemented with 2 % of starch (w/v) as an adhesive. Seed germination percentages and the vigour index were significantly (P≤0.05) affected by the application of different strains of Trichoderma. Among the five Trichoderma strains, T. harzianum IMI-3924332 gave the highest germination percentage followed by T. harzianum IMI-3924333, T. harzianum IMI-3924334, T. virens IMI-392430 and T. pseudokoningii IMI-392431 treatment both in laboratory and field conditions, respectively while control decrease these value. Chili seeds also gave the highest vigour index values with T. harzianum IMI-3924332 which confirmed to better germination. Seed treatment with T. harzianum IMI-3924332 can be useful to enhance the germination of chili seeds as well as reduce to delayed germination. Further investigations however are required to study in vivo effect of Trichoderma strains on morphological and physiological characteristics in chili plant and fruit production.

Keywords: Trichoderma, Spore suspension, Germination percentages, Vigour index, Chili

Location: Experimental Field of BRRI and Biotechnology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Rajshahi University

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Chilli

Objectives:

To find out the effect of different Trichoderma strains on the germination percentage rate and seedling parameters of chili seeds both in laboratory and field conditions.

Methodology:

Sources of Trichoderma strains: Five Trichoderma strains viz. T. virens IMI-392430, T. pseudokoningii IMI-392431, T. harzianum IMI-392432, T. harzianum IMI-392433 and T. harzianum IMI-392434 were used in this study which was collected from Biotechnology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh. These strains were isolated and identified from decomposed garbage and soil. Spore suspension preparation of Trichoderma strains: Mycelial disc (1.2 cm diam.) of Trichoderma strains were obtained from 4-5 days-old culture and transferred to 50 ml PDA in a 250-ml conical flask separately incubated at 28 ºC for 4-5 days. At the end of the incubation period 30 ml of sterile distilled water was added to each culture flask and the flasks were shaken at 50 rpm for 30 min in an orbital shaker. Then the content of each conical flask was filtrate through sterile muslin cloth. The filtrate with the spores was collected and a concentration of spore suspension was adjusted to 5 × 10⁵conidia/ml by use of a hemacytometer under a light microscope. Seed selection and treatment: The seed of chili Variety Bogra Local was used and collected from Spice Research Centre, Bogra, Bangladesh. The chili seeds were one year old and had been stored at 5°C. Standard germination of the seeds was 98%. Seeds with no cracks or other visible deformations were selected and surface sterilized for 10 minutes with1% sodium hypochlorite solution. Seeds were then rinsed three times with sterile distilled water and air dried. A seed coating was prepared from spore suspension supplemented with 2% of starch (w/v) as an adhesive. Dry chili seeds were dipped in seed coating suspension (5×10⁵ spores/ml) for each Trichoderma strains for 1-2 minutes. For untreated control seeds were dipped in 2% starch suspension and for water control seeds were dipped in sterilized distilled water. Seeds were air dried inside the laminar air flow hood. For in vitro experiment, treated seeds were placed in Petri plate’s lines with two layers of Whatman filter paper soaked in sterilized distilled water and incubated at 25°C under dark condition and for field experiment, treated seeds were sown separately in pot soils where the soil was previously inoculated with respective Trichoderma strains (5×10⁵ spore/ml) and for control treatment, treated seeds (treated with 2% starch and water) were sowing un inoculated soil in pot. At least ten seeds were sown in each pot. Seed germination percentages and vigour index was recorded after 3 to 8 days. Vigour index for each treatment was determined using the formula. Collection and preparation of soil for field experiment: For field experiment soil was collected from the Botanical garden of Rajshahi University Campus, Bangladesh and sterilized with Formaldehyde. After 30 days of sterilization, soils were put in the earth pot of 12 inches height and 8 inches wide. For minimize losses of excess water 2 cm hole was made from the bottom of the pot. Experimental design and data analysis: All experiments were established as a randomized block design with four replicates and ten chili seeds were used in each replicates. Data on germination percentages and vigour index were recorded after 3 to 8 days and statistically analyzed with the help of computer package program SPSS and also tested by DMRT.

Source of Information: Int. J. Expt. Agric. 2(1):21-26, (2011)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present study concludes that Trichoderma species have potential to enhance the germination in chili seeds which can be useful to enhance the germination percentage of chili seeds besides reducing loses due to delayed germination. Further investigations are required to study in vivo, effects of these fungi on the morphological and physiological characteristics in chili plant and fruit production.

Knowledge Management: Journal