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Antihyperglycemic Activity Evaluation of Leucas Aspera (willd.) Link Leaf and Stem and Lannea Coromandelica (houtt.) Merr. Bark Extract in Mice

Abdul Mannan
Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

Hirak Das
Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

Mohibur Rahman
Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

Jerin Jesmin
Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

Aziza Siddika
Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

Mahabuba Rahman
Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

Shahnaz Rahman
Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

Majeedul H. Chowdhury
New York City College of Technology, The City University of New York, 300, Jay Street, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.

Dr. Mohammed Rahmatullah
Pro-Vice Chancellor and Dean
Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Development Alternative, House No. 78, Road No. 11A (new) Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link (Lamiaceae) and Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. are two fairly common medicinal plants used by the folk medicinal practitioners of Bangladesh. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effects of methanol extract of leaves and stems of Leucas aspera and bark of Lannea coromandelica in oral glucose tolerance tests conducted with glucose-challenged Swiss albino mice. The methanol extracts of leaves and stems of Leucas aspera, when studied separately, both demonstrated significant and dose-dependent reductions in serum glucose levels in glucose-loaded mice. At the highest dose tested of 400 mg extract per kg body weight, the methanol extract of leaves and stems, respectively, caused 34.01% and 28.39% reductions in serum glucose levels compared to control mice. In comparison, the standard antihyperglycemic drug, glibenclamide, when administered at a dose of 10 mg per kg body weight caused a 42.10% reduction in serum glucose levels. Dose for dose, the leaf extract of Leucas aspera was more potent in reduction of serum glucose levels than stem extract. The bark extract of Lannea coromandelica, when administered to glucose-loaded mice also demonstrated dose-dependent and significant reductions in serum glucose levels. At the highest dose tested of 400 mg extract per kg body weight, the extract caused a 29.80% fall in serum glucose levels. In conclusion, the leaves and stems of Leucas aspera and the bark of Lannea coromandelica can form the subject of further scientific studies in the quest for better antidiabetic drugs.

Keywords: Leucas aspera, Lannea coromandelica, Antihyperglycemic, Mice

Location: Institutional Animal Ethical Committee of University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Medicinal Plants, Rats

Objectives:

To evaluate the leaves and stems of Leucas aspera and bark of Lannea coromandelica in oral glucose tolerance tests in Swiss albino mice.

Methodology:

The leaves and stems of Leucas aspera were collected from Patiya in Chittagong district in January 2010. The plant was taxonomically identified by Bangladesh National Herbarium at Dhaka (Accession Number 34,733). The leaves and stems of Leucas aspera were separately air-dried in the shade for 120 hours, grounded into a fine powder, and were extracted with methanol at a ratio of 1:4 (w/v). After 24 hours, the mixture was filtered; filtrate was collected and the residue was again extracted with methanol at a ratio of 1:2 (w/v) for 24 hours. Filtrates were combined and evaporated to dryness. The initial weight of dried leaf or stem powder used for extraction was 50g; the final weight of the extract was 6.70g for leaf and 2.35g for stem. The bark of Lannea coromandelica was collected from Tangail district during December 2009. The plant was taxonomically identified by Bangladesh National Herbarium at Dhaka (Accession Number 34732). Barks were sliced into small pieces, dried and pulverized to a fine powder. 100 g of the bark powder was extracted for 24 hours with methanol at a ratio of 1:3 (w/v). After 24 hours, the mixture was filtered; filtrate was collected and the residue was again extracted with methanol at a ratio of 1:2 (w/v) for 24 hours. Filtrates were combined and evaporated to dryness. The final weight of the extract was 6.45g. Glacial acetic acid was obtained from Sigma Chemicals, USA; glibenclamide and glucose were obtained from Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Bangladesh. All other chemicals were of analytical grade. In the present study, Swiss albino mice (male), which weighed between 18-24 g were used. The animals were obtained from International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B). All animals were kept under ambient temperature with 12h light followed by a 12h dark cycle. The animals were acclimatized for one week prior to actual experiments. The study was conducted following approval by the Institutional Animal Ethical Committee of University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Glucose tolerance property of methanol extract of Leucas aspera leaves and stems and Lannea coromandelica bark was determined as per the procedure previously described with minor modifications. In brief, fasted mice were grouped into eleven groups of six mice per group. The various groups received different treatments like Group-I received vehicle (1% Tween 80 in water, 10 ml/kg body weight) and served as control, Group-II received standard drug (glibenclamide, 10 mg/kg body weight), Groups III-V received the methanol extract of Leucas aspera leaves at three different doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight; Groups VI-VIII were administered methanol extract of Leucas aspera stems at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg per kg body weight, respectively. Groups IX-XI were administered methanol extract of bark of Lannea coromandelica at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg per kg body weight, respectively. Each mouse was weighed and doses adjusted accordingly prior to administration of vehicle, standard drug, and test samples. All substances were orally administered. Following a period of one hour, all mice were orally administered 2 g glucose/kg of body weight. Blood samples were collected tw o hours after the glucose administration through puncturing heart. Serum glucose levels were measured by glucose oxidase method.

Source of Information: Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 4(3): 385-388, 2010, ISSN 1995-0772.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Antihyperglycemic activity at a statistically significant level was observed with leaf and stem extract of Leucas aspera as well as bark extract of Lannea coromandelica, when the extract(s) were administered at doses of 200 and 400 mg per kg body weight to glucose-loaded mice. Reduction of serum glucose levels by a plant extract may occur by different mechanisms. The extract may potentiate the pancreatic secretion of insulin, or the extract may increase glucose uptake. A further possibility is that the extract may inhibit glucose absorption in gut, which in turn will reduce the presence of glucose in serum. The exact mechanism through which the various extracts caused antihyperglycemic activity, as well as identification of responsible phytochemical constituents is presently being undertaken in our laboratory. It is expected that both plants have potential for further scientific studies towards discovery of novel antidiabetic drugs.

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