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Study of Seed Borne Fungi Associated with Sorghum Seeds

M. M. Karim
Scientific Officer
Hill Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Khagrachari Hill District

G. A. Fakir
Professor
Plant Pathology Division, BAU, Mymensingh

M. I. Hossain
Scientific Officer
Tuber Crops Research Centre, BARI, Gazipur

A. Akhter
Assistant Chief
Training Wing, DAE, Khamabari, Dhaka

M. Z. Rahman
Scientific Officer
Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Barisal

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiments were conducted at the Seed Pathology Centre (SPC), Department of Plant Pathology (DPP), Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. The sorghum seed samples of Dhaka, Mymensingh, Sherpur and Pabna were designated as Dha S₁, Dha S₂, Dha S₃, Dha S₄, Mym S₁, Mym S₂, Mym S₃, Mym S₄, Sher S₁, Sher S₂, Sher S₃, Sher S₄, Pab S₁, Pab S₂, Pab S₃ and Pab S₄. Each sample contained about 50g seeds. The experiments were conducted at the Seed Pathology Centre (SPC), Department of Plant Pathology (DPP), Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. Fungi associated with the seeds of sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) collected from different locations of Bangladesh were recorded. Tenfungi encountered in sorghum seeds, in order of prevalence, were- Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme, Alternaria tenuis, Colletotrichum graminicola, Bipolaris sorghicola, Botrytis cenerea, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium oxalicum, Phoma sorghina and Curvularia trifolii. Prevalence of the total as well as the individual seed-borne fungal infections recorded in sorghum varied significantly with respect to sources of seed collection. Seed germination also varied significantly depending on the crop varieties or seed sources. No definite relationship between germination and seed-borne fungal infections was observed. B. cinerea and C. trifolii in seeds of sorghum appear to be new records of seed-borne fungi of the crop in the world. Out of ten, except C. graminicola in sorghum are being reported as new seed-borne fungi of the crop from Bangladesh.

Keywords: Seed-borne, Fungi, Sorghum seeds,

Location: Seed Pathology Centre (SPC), Department of Plant Pathology (DPP), Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-01-2005

End Date: 00-02-2005

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Sorghum

Objectives:

To study the prevalence of fungi in seeds of sorghum grown in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The experiments were conducted at the Seed Pathology Centre (SPC), Department of Plant Pathology (DPP), Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, using four local varieties viz. Dhaka Sorghum, Mymensingh Sorghum, Sherpur Sorghum and Pabna Sorghum were collected at farmers’ level from Dhaka, Mymensingh, Sherpur and Pabna. From each location four samples were collected and thus, a total of 16 seed samples were collected from four locations. The sorghum seed samples of Dhaka, Mymensingh, Sherpur and Pabna were designated as Dha S₁, Dha S₂, Dha S₃, Dha S₄, Mym S₁, Mym S₂, Mym S₃, Mym S₄, Sher S₁, Sher S₂, Sher S₃, Sher S₄, Pab S₁, Pab S₂, Pab S₃ and Pab S₄. Each sample contained about 50 g seeds. Seeds were collected during January to February, 2005. After collection, seed samples were kept in paper bags and stored in the refrigerator of the Seed Pathology Centre at 5±1^oC for study. Health of all the seed samples used were analyzed for detection of fungi by the Blotter Method following the International Rules for Seed Testing Association. The seed samples were analyzed for health by Blotter method. In this method, three pieces of filter paper (Whatman No.1) were soaked in sterilized water and placed at the bottom of 9 cm dia. glass petridish. Two hundred seeds from each sample were taken randomly and then placed on the moist filter paper in 8 replicated petridishes at the rate of 25 seeds per plate. The petridishes with seeds were then incubated at 22 ± 2^oC under 12/12 hours alternating cycles of NUV and darkness in the incubation room of the Seed Pathology Centre (SPC) for seven days. After incubation the seeds were examined under the stereo-microscope for recording the seed-borne fungal infections grown on the incubated seeds. Seed-borne infections of fungi observed under the stereo-microscope were identified by observing their growth characters on the incubated sorghum seeds in the Blotter method. The fungi were identified to species level. Germination was determined with natural soil in plastic pot in the green house of the Seed Pathology Centre (SPC), BAU, Mymensingh. The soil was collected from the field laboratory of the department of Plant Pathology, BAU, Mymensingh. Two thousands seeds were used for germination test 10 replicate (200 seeds/tray). Data on germination were recorded after 4, 7 and 14 days after sowing. But germination recorded on the 14^th day was taken into final account. Germination was expressed in percentage. The data were analyzed following the Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The mean differences for efficiency of the treatments were judged by Least Significant Difference (LSD) test.

Source of Information: Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. 7(3): 21-27, (2012)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Seed-borne fungal infections detected, varied from 16.0-23.5% in sorghum. Similarly, Germination of seeds of sorghum varied significantly from 63.8-88.8%. The results show that, no definite relationship between germination and seed-borne fungal infections was observed. In this present study, pathogenicity of different species of fungi of sorghum has not been conducted.

Knowledge Management: Journal