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Investigation of the Central and Peripheral Analgesic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Ficus Carica Linn.

Ashraf-ul Kabir
Department of Pharmacy, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh

Ninadh Malrina D’Costa
Department of Pharmacy, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh

Mehdi Bin Samad
Department of Pharmacy, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh

JMA Hannan
Department of Pharmacy, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Ficus carica Linn is widely used in the preparation of local traditional medicine used for pain relief in Bangladesh. Our present studies make an attempt toward validating this traditional use by investigating anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of F. carica Linn. Ethanolic extract of whole herb and fruits of F. carica Linn showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) CNS modulated anti-nociceptive activity, in a dose dependent manner, in both Hot Plate and Tail Immersion Tests. Carrageenan induced rat paw edema test gave significant results (P ≤ 0.05), indicating possible anti-inflammatory action. The extract failed to produce any significant result in Acetic acid induced writhing test. Formalin induced paw-licking test showed that F. carica Linn had significant effect in suppressing neurogenic pain (P ≤ 0.05).

Keywords: Anti-inflammatory, Central analgesic, Ficus carica Linn, Pain, Peripheral analgesic

Location: Department of Pharmacy, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka

Start Date: 00-02-2012

End Date: 00-02-2012

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Plant(s)

Objectives:

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of the whole herb and fruits of F. carica to validate the use of this plant in the preparation of medicine traditional system of medicine used for pain management.

Methodology:

Reagents Used: All reagents and chemicals that were used in the experiments were of analytical grade. Pharmaceutical grade Tramadol, and Diclofenac Sodium were collected from Square Pharmaceuticals Bangladesh Ltd. Normal saline was collected from Beximco Infusion Ltd. All other reagents were procured from Sigma Aldrich (USA) unless mentioned otherwise.
Plant material: For this study, the F. carica was collected from Village: Sonpara, Thana: Araihazar; District: Narayangonj, Bangladesh in February 2012 and was identified at the Bangladesh National Herarium, Mirpur, Dhaka where the voucher specimen no: 39875 was for the F. carica deposited. The collected plant parts were dried for one week and ground into a coarse powder with the help of a suitable grinder. The powder was stored in an airtight container and kept in a cool, dark, and dry place until analysis started. Preparation of the extract: About 250 gm of powdered material was taken in a clean, flat bottomed glass container and soaked in 1000 ml of 80% ethanol. The container with its contents was sealed and kept for a period of 5 days accompanying occasional shaking and stirring. The whole mixture then underwent a coarse filtration by a piece of clean, white cotton material. Then the filtrate was kept in a beaker for 1 day without any shaking. The next day the supernatant solution was taken by pippetting. Then the solution was filtered through Whatman filter paper. The filtered obtained was evaporated using rotary evaporator. It rendered a gummy concentrate of yellowish black colour. The extract was transferred in closed container for further use and preservation. Acute toxicity study: Doses of 50, 100, 250, 500, 1000, 2500 and 5000 mg/Kg of extracts were administered orally to mice. The extracts were given at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/Kg of body weight/day. All the animals were found to be safe at highest dose (5000mg/Kg). Then the mice were observed for incidence of mortality or any sign of toxicity up to 24 h. OECD Guideline (OECD Guideline 425) were followed in maintaining dosing schedule. Maintenance and use of test animals: Healthy Swiss Albino mice (5-6 weeks old, of both sex) weighing 20-25g and Spraugue-Dawley rats, weighing 130-160g, of both sex, were procured from Jahangir Nagar University Animal House. The test subjects were provided with standard rat pellet diet and filtered drinking water ad libitum. This study was approved by an ethics committee of North South University (LSEC-15G-2012) which gave its consent in absolute accordance with the recommendations of the international Association for the study of Pain. Grouping and drug administration: The animals were randomly divided into several groups of 8 mice/rats for the planned analgesic and anti-inflammatory tests. Control groups were treated p.o. with 1% tween solution in normal saline (0.9% NaCl) at a volume that would not cause any additional psychological or physiological stress to the animals. Positive controls were treated with Tramadol and Diclofenac Sodium. Treatment groups were treated with three doses (100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, and 300mg/kg) of F. carica.

Source of Information: International Journal of Biosciences (IJB); ISSN: 2220-6655 (Print) 2222-5234 (Online); Vol. 2, No. 10(2), p. 39-47, 2012

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.innspub.net

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In summary, the study has successfully elucidated the likely mechanism of anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect of F. carica. It is concluded that F. carica has CNS modulated effect in pain inhibition, based on three different in-vivo models. Its anti inflammatory activity has been also confirmed by one in-vivo model. Through this study, it is apparent that the mechanism of action of F. carica is similar to that of the commonly used centrally active opioid analgesics. Hence, its traditional use in preparations to relief pain held the test of time, not by its mere placebo effect but by some potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory molecules hidden in this ethanolic extract of F. carica. We believe F. carica calls for further studies to elucidate its active component/components responsible for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity to discover its true potential as therapeutic agent.

Knowledge Management: Journal