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Bacterial Diseases of Poultry Prevailing in Bangladesh

M.M. Rahman
Department of Microbiology, Dinajpur Govennent Veterinary College, Bangladesh.

A.Z. Rahman
Department of Medicine and Surgery, Dinajpur Govennent Veterinary College, Bangladesh.

M.S. Islam
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Dinajpur Govennent Veterinary College, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A study was conducted to determine the incidence of diseases in various age groups of 10 different flocks of birds from 5 different poultry farms in some selected areas of Bangladesh. The diseases were diagnosed based on history,signs and symptoms prior to death,lesions observed after post mortem examination of dead birds and by bacteriological examinations. A total 8169 dead chickens (2960 chicks, 1083 grower and 4126 adults) were examined. Related samples like liver,spleen and intestine were collected and were cultured on different bacteriological agar media. Among bacterial diseases salmonellosis was found in 53.90% of chicks (group 1) followed by omphalitis in 28.42%, colibacillosis in 13.36%, mycoplasmosis in 2.55%, necrotic enteritis in 1.18% and infectious coryza in 0.59%. The bacterial diseases salmonellosis, colibacillosis, infectious coryza and necrotic enteritis were detected in 55.96, 11.93, 29.91 and 2.20% of group 2 (growers), respectively. Omphalitis disease was never found in grower. Mycoplasmosis was not found in group 2. Salmonellosis was found in 53.32% of adult chicken followed by mycoplasmosis in 39.09%, infectious coryza in 6.11% and necrotic enteritis in 1.48%. Omphalitis was also not found in this group. This group was also not affected by colibacillosis.

Keywords: Stochastic production frontier, environmental condi tions, wheat, Bangladesh

Location: Dhaka, Norsingdi, Gazipur, Mymensingh and Tangail districts of Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Poultry, Diseases

Objectives:

To determine the incidence of diseases in various age groups of 10 different flocks of birds from 5 different poultry farms in some selected areas of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

This study was conducted for observing and taking samples mainly from the Dhaka, Norsingdi, Gazipur, Mymensingh and Tangail districts of Bangladesh. These areas were selected on the basis of poultry population and closeness to Central Disease Investigation Laboratory (CDIL) Department of Livestock Services (DLS) Bangladesh, Dhaka, Jahangirnagar University (JU) and Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) which were the working stations of my study. Both parent stock breeder and commercial layer chickens flocks were examined. Each flock of chicken was divided into 3 groups based on age: Group 1 (chick): 0-8 weeks, Group 2 (grower): 9-20 weeks, Group 3 (adult): 21-78 weeks. Eight flocks of commercial layer chickens and 2 flocks of breeder parent stocks were reared separately in open sided cage system poultry houses in 5 selected poultry farms. The birds were feed with same formulation of commercial feed containing no antibiotics or growth promoters based on age groups. All the flocks of birds were dewormed at the prelaying period of 18 weeks of age. Strict sanitation and hygienic measures were maintained for all flocks. Routine vaccination schedules were maintained. For the prevention of bacterial diseases, antibiotics were administered in drinking water for consecutive 5 days for all selected flocks of birds. The daily management of the chickens,house and environment was as practiced in conventional commercial layer and breeder parent stock farming. Feeding and watering were Ad libitum for all birds. The balance diets containing 20, 16 and 17.5% protein and 2950, 2960 and 2750 Kcal energy were fed in group 1, group 2 and group 3, respectively for all the selected flocks. The chickens health was closely monitored for the entire rearing period of 78 weeks. This included daily observation for clinical signs of affected birds and necropsy of dead birds. The observation results were noted. Diagnosis of diseases was made on the basis of history, signs and symptoms prior to death of birds, post-mortem lesions of dead birds by post mortem examination, supported by microbiological examination when indicated, using standard methods for bacterial identification. Salmonellosis was diagnosed on the basis of cultural characteristics of Salmonella from the internal part of liver and spleen of dead birds with sign of yellowish diarrhea and was found enlargement and hemorrhages of liver and spleen and distinctive greenish bronze sheen on the surface of liver under post-mortem examination and specific antibody test Colibacillosis was diagnosed on the basis of cultural demonstration of E. coli from internal part of liver in birds with gross pathological lesions as air sacculitis, perihpatitis, peritonitis, enteritis and congested liver on post mortem examination. Infectious coryza was diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs of swollen face and sinus with clear discharge progressively became purulent, marked conjunctivitis, partially or completely eyes and catarrhal inflammation of the nasal passages and subcutanceous edema of the face and wattles observed on Post-Mortem (PM) examination. Necrotic enteritis was diagnosed on the basis of symptoms of the disease prior to death and post-mortem finding of pseudomembranous enteritis. Omphalitis was diagnosis on the basis of signs of distended abdomen, inflammation on the navel region with unabsorbed yolk on PM examination Mycoplasmosis was diagnosed on the basis of signs of labored breathing, gurgling sound with mucopurulant exudate in air sac and congested lungs. Gumboro was diagnosed on the basis of history of high morbidity and mortality of young birds and swollen, edematous and hemorrhagic bursa of fabricius and hemorrhagic leg and thigh muscles on post-mortem examination. Newcastle disease was diagnosed on the basis of history of high morbidity, signs of respiratory, digestive and nervous systems and proventriculus hemorrhage and intestinal plug. Lymphoid leukosis was diagnosed on the basis of history of disease out break after 20 weeks of age and large tumors occurring in visceral organs especially in liver and spleen on post mortem examination. Coccidiosis was diagnosed on the basis of sign of blood in the faces and caeca distended with blood and thickening of intestinal wall observed on post mortem examination and identification of coccidian oocyst by microscopic examination Aspergillosis was diagnosed on the basis of history of labored breathing and gasping and yellowish nodules found in the lungs on post mortem examination, which was homogenous in consistency. Aflatoxicosis was diagnosed on the basis of sign of poor egg shell quality increased blood spots on the eggs and friable yellow colored liver with hemorrhages and laboratory demonstration of aflatoxin by feed culture on Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar (SDA). Egg bound condition was diagnosed by gross pathological examination. Heat stroke was diagnosed on the basis of history of high ambient temperature associated with onset of sudden death, epicedial and endocrinal hemorrhages, mature egg in oviduct and negative bacterial culture from internal organs. Malnutrition was diagnosed on the basis of history of emaciated body, weakness and atrophied muscles and negative microbiological finding from internal organs. Egg peritonitis was diagnosed on the basis of injuries in the peritoneum and inflammation on PM examination. Cannibalism was diagnosed on the basis of sign of external injuries in the vent region,anemic carcass tow picking, tail picking and body picking were observed and negative bacterial culture from internal organs. A total of 8169 dead birds samples which included of chicks 2960, grower 1083 and adult 4126 were collected aseptically from different flocks of different selected poultry farms in Bangladesh. The samples were carried to the laboratory of CDIL for the post mortem examination and collected different organs like liver, spleen, intestine in sterile containers for the identification of causal agents of diseases.

Source of Information: Research Journal of Poultry Sciences, Year: 2007 | Volume: 1 | Issue: 1 | Page No.: 1-6

Article Link (Online Journal): http://docsdrive.com/pdfs/medwelljournals/rjpscience/2007/1-6.pdf

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The bacterial diseases salmonellosis, colibacillosis, infectious coryza and necrotic enteritis were detected in 55.96, 11.93, 29.91 and 2.20% of group 2 (growers), respectively. Omphalitis disease was never found in grower. Mycoplasmosis was not found in group 2. Salmonellosis was found in 53.32% of adult chicken followed by mycoplasmosis in 39.09%, infectious coryza in 6.11% and necrotic enteritis in 1.48%. Omphalitis was also not found in this group. This group was also not affected by colibacillosis.

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