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Role of Hypobiosis in the Epidemiology of Haemonchus Contortus in Goats and the Study of Anthelmintic Resistance

Dr. Md. Jahurul Karim
Professor
Department of Parasitology, BAU, Mymensingh-2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Hypobiosis, an important phenomenon in the epidemiology of Haemonchus contortus, and anthelmintic resistance was studied. H. contortus was found in 63.75% naturally infected goats, with an average parasitic load of 43.06. Higher number of female parasites than males suggests their effort in fighting the odd by producing more offspring. Air temperature and rainfall had significant effect on percentage of infection whereas humidity on total number of parasites. Abomasal larval count remained below 5.25 throughout the year, but a significant positive correlation between adults and larval count was found. Hypobiosis was not found in the epidemiology of the parasite. In the study in simulated field condition high parasitic loads with only a few larvae was found in animals examined immediately after withdrawal from the pasture, but no larva in animals examined 2 weeks later. Moderately high and steady pasture larval counts all through suggest a prevailing ideal environment for larval development. In vitro tests revealed a varying degree of resistance in 31 of 39 field isolates. No significant difference between the two drugs justifies the phenomenon of cross-registance. Albendazole, mebendazole and febendazole caused only 65%, 79% and 71% reduction in faecal egg counts, respectively against 98% reduction with ivermectin. It is concluded that the field isolates of H. contortus in the Mymensingh area has developed a good degree of resistance against benzimidazoles. Since both the percentages of infection and the parasitic burden remained higher during the wet season so it is suggested that anthelmintic treatment using an effective drug can be given in late March followed by a second treatment in May for controlling H. contortus.

Keywords: H. contortus, Anthelmintic, Hypobiosis, Epidemiology,

Location: Department of Parasitology, BAU

Start Date: 01-07-2001

End Date: 30-06-2003

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Goat

Objectives:

1) To investigate the degree and pattern of larval inhibition in H. contortus in goats.

2) To identify the factor(s) responsible for larval inhibition.

3) To identify the season(s) of the year when maximum inhibition occurs.

4) To know the number of generation(s) of H. contortus per year.

5) To define the means of transmission and population expansion of this common stomach worm from one season to the next.

6) To detect the level of resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes against the commonly available anthelmintics.

Methodology:

Steps of the methodology are as follows:

a) Material

b) Design of experiment

c) Procedures to be followed in achieving stated objectives

Source of Information: Bangladesh Agricultural University Research Progress. Proceedings of the workshop 15-16 January 2005. Bangladesh Agricultural University Research System (BAURES), Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.	Budget: 225000

Total Budget (Tk.) : 225000

Achievement/Findings:

H. contortus was found in 63.75% naturally infected goats, with an average parasitic load of 43.06. Higher number of female parasites than males suggests their effort in fighting the odd by producing more offspring. Air temperature and rainfall had significant effect on percentage of infection whereas humidity on total number of parasites. Abomasal larval count remained below 5.25 throughout the year, but a significant positive correlation between adults and larval count was found.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings