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Efficient Use of Nitrogen in Wetland Rice Cultivation

J. Ferdous
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

H. Afroz
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M.M. Rahman
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M.A. Hoque
Professor
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted at the Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during boro season of 2012 to evaluate the effects of prilled urea (PU), urea super granule (USG) alone or in combination with poultry manure (PM) on N use efficiency (NUE) and yield performance of rice (BRRI dhan29). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. There were eight treatments namely, T₁: Control (no N fertilizer); T₂: 104 kg N ha^-1 from USG; T₃: 104 kg N ha^-1 from PU; T₄: 52 kg N ha^-1 from USG; T₅: 52 kg N ha^-1 from USG + 52 kg N ha^-1 from PU; T₆: PM 4 t ha^-1; T₇: 52 kg N ha^-1 from USG + 2 t ha^-1 PM and T₈: 52 kg N ha^-1 from PU + 2 t ha^-1 PM. The recommended doses of P, K, S and Zn fertilizers were applied to all the experimental plots during final land preparation. USG was deep placed at 8-10 cm below the soil surface at 7 days after transplanting and PU was applied in different splits. Application of N as PU, USG alone or in combination with PM resulted in a significant increase in yield components, grain and straw yields of BRRI dhan29. The treatment T₅ (52 kg N ha^-1 from USG + 52 kg N ha^-1 from PU) produced the highest grain (5.82 t ha^-1) and straw (7.28 t ha-1) yields. The lowest grain (2.78 t ha-1) and straw (3.26 t ha-1) yields were recorded in control plots. The treatment T₇ (52 kg N ha^-1 USG + 2 t ha^-1 PM) attained the superior position in NUE and apparent N recovery (ANR) by BRRI dhan29. The overall results indicate that application of USG in combination with PM could be considered more effective in rice production in aspect of increased rice yields and efficiency of applied N.

Keywords: Prilled urea, Urea super granule, Poultry manure, Yield, N use efficiency

Location: Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-01-2012

End Date: 00-06-2012

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To evaluate the effects of prilled urea (PU), urea super granule (USG) alone or in combination with poultry manure (PM) on N use efficiency (NUE) and yield performance of rice (BRRI dhan29)

Methodology:

Location and soils- The field experiment was conducted at Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The soil belongs to the Sonatala series under the Agro Ecological Zone 9 (Old Brahmaputra Floodplain). The soil was silt loam in texture having soil pH 6.7, organic carbon 0.93%, total N 0.121%, available phosphorus 10.91 ppm, exchangeable K 0.141 me/100 g soil, available sulphur 13.20 ppm. Experimental design and treatments- The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. There were eight treatment combinations viz; T₁: Control (no N fertilizer); T₂: 104 kg N ha^-1 from USG; T₃: 104 kg N ha^-1 from PU; T₄: 52 kg N ha^-1 from USG; T₅: 52 kg N ha^-1 from USG + 52 kg N ha^-1 from PU; T₆: PM 4 t ha^-1; T₇: 52 kg N ha^-1 from USG + 2 t ha^-1 PM and T₈: 52 kg N ha^-1 from PU + 2 t ha^-1 PM.

Application of fertilizers and manure- The recommended doses of P, K, S and Zn fertilizers were 104 kg ha^-1, 25 kg ha^-1, 80 kg ha^-1, 15 kg ha^-1, and 1 kg ha^-1, respectively. All the fertilizers except N were applied in all the plots as a basal dose during final land preparation. PU was applied in three splits. The first split of PU was applied at 7 days after transplanting (DAT); the second and the third splits were applied as top dressing at 35 DAT (active tillering stage) and 55 DAT (panicle initiation stage). Urea super granule (USG) was deep placed at 7 DAT at 8-10 cm depth. One USG of 1.8g size was employed for every four hills. The granules were deep placed in puddled soil by hand and leveled immediately after placement. Well decomposed PM was added in the plots as per treatment at 7 days before transplanting of rice seedlings. PM was mixed thoroughly with the soil at the time of final land preparation. The N, P, K and S contents in PM were 1.18, 1.13, 0.81 and 0.35% respectively. Crop variety and transplanting of seedlings- BRRI dhan29, a high yielding variety of rice, was used as the test crop in this experiment. Seedlings of 45 days were transplanted in the experimental plots on 31 January 2012, maintaining 20 cm x 20 cm spacing. Three healthy seedlings were transplanted in each hill of the experimental plots. The unit plot size was 4m x 2m. Intercultural operations- Irrigation water was applied to the crop field during transplantation and as when necessary. The crop was infested with some common weeds, which were controlled by uprooting thrice from experimental plots by hand. The crop was infested with rice hispa which was controlled by spraying Diazinoin 60 EC. Harvesting- The crop was harvested at maturity (May 10, 2012). Five hills from each plot (except the border hills) were selected randomly at mature stage for recording plant height, number of effective tillers hill^-1, panicle length, number of filled grains panicle^-1 and 1000 grain weight. The grain and straw yields were recorded plot wise and expressed as kg ha^-1. The grain yield was obtained on 14% moisture basis while the straw yield was recorded on sun dry basis. Chemical analysis of plant samples- The grain and straw samples were analyzed for nitrogen concentration by semi-micro Kjeldahl method. The nitrogen uptake was calculated from the N concentration and yield data. The N use efficiency (kg grain yield increase kg^-1 N applied) and apparent N recovery were determined by the following formulae: NUE = (Gy_+N-Gy_ON)/ FN, where Gy_+N = grain yield in treatment with N application; Gy_ON= grain yield in treatment without N application and FN = amount of fertilizer N applied (kg ha^-1) and ANR (kg ha^-1) = (UN_+N -UN_0N)/FN Where, UN_+N is total N uptake (kg ha^-1) with grain and straw; UN_0N is the N uptake (kg ha^-1) in control; FN is amount of fertilizer N applied (kg ha^-1). Statistical analysis- Data were statistically analyzed by F-test and the mean differences were adjusted by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

Source of Information: J. Soil Nature 7(2):23-27, (2014)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Application of USG at 7 DAT and PU in splits showed superior performances in respect of grain and straw yields of rice whereas application of USG along with PM showed a higher ANR and NUE. Therefore, the application of PU or USG along with manure at different growth stages might be recommended for profitable rice cultivation in wetland condition. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

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