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The Influence of Partial Uv-blocking Films in the Insect Infestation and in the Growth of Broccoli and Turnip Seedlings

Abul Hasnat Muhammad Solaiman
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Takashi Nishizawa
Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Japan

S. M. Anamul Arefin
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Md. Mizanur Rahman
Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Md. Dulal Sarkar
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Mohammad Shahjahan
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present work study the effect of partially UV-blocking films on the promotion of growth and insect control as well as the herbivores/sucking insects-predators proportion in the tunnels of Broccoli and Turnip seedlings is provided. During the experiment six treatments were tested: outdoor, UV-transmitting, and partial UV-blocking (UVs shorter than 340, 350, 360 and 400 nm) in three replications. Also a tunnel covered with UV-transmitting polyolefin film was also prepared, and the results were compared with the seedlings that were grown, outdoors. The plant height, leaf number and leaf area increased in Turnip, while Broccoli was not affected. The number of insects invaded into the tunnels were trapped using blue and yellow adhesive films, and Eight different insects including mosquitoes were listed viz.: Aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae), brown plant hopper (Nilparvata lugens), short horn grass hopper (Melanoplus femurrubrum), white backed plant hopper (Sogatella furcifera), dipteran fly, mirid bug (Heteroptera: Miridae), up to 30 days after planting. Aphid was found as the most predominant insect followed by mosquito, dipteran fly, and white baked plant hopper. The largest feeding damage was found in outdoor with 26% in Broccoli and 22.5% in Turnip. The ratio of the herbivores and predators was also influenced by the films and it was remarkable in both Broccoli (35-65%) and Turnip (25-75%) seedlings, respectively. The partial UV-blockings effectively reduced the feeding damage compared with the outdoors, irrespective of seedling. Therefore, the sticky traps were found to be effective, and partial UV-blocking films showed different effects in controlling insect pests. Hence, the partial UV-blocking films can be an effective component for the IPM system rather than fully UV-blocking films.

Keywords: Insect infestation; Partial UV-blocking films; Pest management; Predators

Location: Experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-10-2013

End Date: 00-12-2013

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Broccoli

Objectives:

To observe the influence of partial uv-blocking films in the insect infestation and in the growth of broccoli and turnip seedlings

Methodology:

Plant Cultivation and UV-blocking-The experiment was carried out in 36 raised seedbeds (length × breadth × height = 100 cm × 100 cm × 50 cm) which were prepared at the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Half of them were used for the cultivation of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica cv. KB superstar) and other half for Turnip (B. rapa var. rapa cv. Ledia). Seeds were sown in each bed at a spacing of 10 × 5 cm (200 seedlings per bed). The experiment was conducted in dry season from October to December, 2013. Fertilizer applications, irrigation and other operations were done. Plastic tunnels (140 cm × 140 cm × 60 cm) were placed on the beds after germination (7 days) of the seeds, and two of each beds were covered with different polyolefin films (0.13 mm thickness) which had ability to block UV-lights shorter than <400, <360, <350, and <340 nm respectively (Mitsubishi Plastics Agri Dream, Tokyo, Japan). At 10 cm (17%) from the soil level of each tunnel remained open for the ventilation and allowing for insects invasion. The remaining two beds were not covered by plastic films and used as uncovered control. After 30 days of sowing (DAS), the seedlings were harvested and growth parameters measured. Measurement of Environmental Conditions-Temperature, humidity, and visible- and UV-light irradiations were measured daily during the experiment. Temperature and humidity were recorded at 8:00, 12:00 and 24:00, while visibleand UV-light irradiations were measured at 12.00. Measurement of Invaded Insects and Feeding Damage- In November, two (blue and yellow) sticky trap films (18 × 5 cm) were suspended at the middle position of the tunnels to collect the invasive insects. The adhesives were replaced every week, the kind and the numbers of captured insects were counted daily until December. During the 30 days of cultivation under different UV-blocking conditions, leaves of some seedlings showed feeding damages by herbivores/sucking insects. Therefore, the feeding damages of the seedlings were evaluated by two different ways as follows:

1. Rate of damaged seedlings (%) = Number of damaged seedlings per plot/Total number of seedlings per plot × 100

2. Rate of damaged leaf area (%) = Damaged area/Total leaf area × 100

Rate of damaged leaf area was calculated using open access software (Image J, NIH, MD, USA).

Statistical Analysis- Data were subjected to analysis of variance and significant differences of the means among treatments were analyzed using MSTAT-C software (East Lansing, MI, USA). The differences among treatment means were evaluated by Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT).

Source of Information: British Journal of Applied Science & Technology 13(2): 1-11, (2016)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It is possible to conclude that the partial UVblocking films (<340, <350, <360 and <400 nm) had significant effect on the growth promotion and can be an important tool in IPM system for Brassica seedlings specifically against aphid, dipteran fly and white baked plant hopper. The plant height, fresh weight and dry weight was enhanced by using partial UV-blocking films, so that it is commercially acceptable not to use full UV-blocking films rather than partial UV-blocking films. For both Broccoli and Turnip 10-20% predators or parasitoids were trapped and significantly controlled the herbivores/sucking insects with the use of partial UV-blocking films. During the experiment, the proportion of insectpest and parasitoids-predators balance was hampered because of the UV-blocking films. On the other hand, the effects of UV-blocking materials on predators, such as syrphid flies, mirid bugs, Orius spp., lady-beetles and lacewings have never been well described in the literature. The effectiveness of using partial UVblocking films on the pest-predator proportion inside the controlled cultivation techniques was observed in the present study. It is clear that the cost effectiveness, timing, and nature of crops might also be the effective points to consider for successful IPM system in Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal