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Assessment of Salt Tolerance Levels of Different Phenological Stages of Wheat

Dr. M. A. K. Azad
Chief Scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh

Hasanuzzaman Rony
Scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh

Md. Kamruzzaman
Scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Keywords: Assessment, Salt Tolerance, Phenological Stages, Wheat

Location: Plant Breeding Division of BINA, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-00-2011

End Date: 00-00-2012

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

Objective of the study was to assess the salt tolerance levels of different phenological stages of wheat

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at Glass House of Plant Breeding Division of BINA, Mymensingh to assess the tolerance levels of different phenological stages of wheat, this experiment was carried out with three lines/variety of wheat including the most popular variety Pradip. This lines/variety was subjected to five levels of salinity: control, 3, 6, 9 and 12 dS/m and three growth stages: pre sowing, vegetative, flowering and grain filling. A three factor experiment following CRD design with three replications was used. Plastic pots with 10 liter capacity were weighed and filled with 8 Kg soil mixture, prepared with sandy loam soil and rotten cow dung in a 1:1 ratio. The fertilizer needed for each pot was determined following the Fertilizer Recommendation Guide-2005. The total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur and zinc were applied in the form of Urea, TSP, MP, Gypsum and Zinc sulphate. These were mixed thoroughly with the soil in each pot before sowing. For determination of plant available water analogus to field capacity, three earthen pots were weighed and filled with 8 kg of soil, as above. Then these were watered until leaked through the hole at the bottom. Thereafter, these were covered with black polyethylene sheet and weighed after cessation of water leaking through the perforated hole. Finally, plant available water was determined using by the formula. For determination of initial moisture content and bulk density of the soil mixture three brass cores with 5 cm height and diameter were properly filled with the soil mixture and weighed. These were then oven dried at 105°C for 24 hours. After cooling, these were again weighed and the dry soil removed. Weight of the blank cores was also recorded. Initial moisture content of the soil was calculated using by the formula. While bulk density was calculated using the formula. In contrast, for determination of initial salinity three random samples of mixed soil were taken each with 50 g, sun dried, pulverized and sieved. Twenty ml distilled water was added with 8g of such sieved mixed soil and was stirred for 30 minutes at 250 rpm. The following day, it was stirred again and electrical conductivity was recorded using an EC meter in dS/m. Seeds were sown on 11 December 2011 and when the plants were established, only five healthy plants were kept in each pot. The pots were kept free from weeds. The plants were protected from insect pest by spraying appropriate insecticides as and when necessary. The saline water was synthesized by using mixture of different salts: 50% NaCl, 15% Na₂SO₄, 10% NaHCO₃, CaCl₂, and MgCl₂ together with 5% MgSO₄ so that their compositions were almost alike their average compositions in the ground water of saline areas of Bangladesh. Fifty grams of such salt was dissolved liter^-1 tap water to prepare the stock solution. The salinity of the stock solution was 80 dS/m. The total amount of stock solution needed to raise the desired salinity of the soil mixture was estimated with the following equation V₁S₁=V₂S₂. Again, volume of soil mixture was determined using the formula. Volume of water was determined by dividing the weight of water with its density (0.98 g/cc). The estimated amount of stock solution was then diluted to the desired salinity levels by adding tap water and then imposed during the assigned stage till harvest. The total amount of saline water for the respective doses at different phenological stages was applied during the initiation of the respective stage till maturity at installments except the pre sowing stage. At pre sowing stage, the whole amount of saline water needed for the respective doses was applied at a time before sowing. Contrary to pre sowing stage, 0.5 liter saline water was applied at each installment so that the moisture content of the pots remained 70-80% of plant available water (PAW). For the control, same amount of only fresh tap water was applied. Relative performance was calculated. Data were analyzed by proper statistical method.

Source of Information: BINA Annual Report 2011-12, page no. 22-28, BINA, Mymensingh

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Wheat is sensitive to soil salinity ≥6 dS/m when exposed before sowing. At the remainder stages, imposition of salinity up to 12 dS/m has little effect on yield and different yield attributes.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings