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Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Nematodiasis and Comparative Efficacy of Anthelmintics on Body Weight of Cattle in Bangladesh

Md. Monirul Islam
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.

Md. Siddiqul Islam
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.

Md. Matiar Rahman Howlader
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.

Nasrin Sultana Lucky
Department of Surgery and theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

In cattle, parasites cause serious loss of production in Bangladesh. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodiasis and effects of the anthelmintics on body weight of 1.5 - 3 years old cattle. A total of 52 cattle, 30 were heavily infested with gastrointestinal nematodes which were identified by faecal examination to determine the eggs by direct smear, flotation methods and Egg Counting Mc. Master Methods . Among 30 cattle 20 were selected on the basis of clinical symptoms and randomly divided into four equal groups. Group A, B and C were treated with Albendazole (Helmex - vet ® ) 7.5, Fenbendazole (Peraclear ®) 7.5 and Levamisole (Ralnex ®) 7.5 mg/kg body weight orally. Group D was kept as infected control. In present study Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Trichuris, Oesophagostomum, Bunostomum and mixed infections were observed before treatment. The prevalence was highest for Haemonchus (17.31%), followed by mixed infections (13.46%), Trichostrongylus (9.61%), Oesophagostomum (7.69%), Trichuris (5.77%) and Bunostomum (3.85%). A significant (p<0.01) reduction of EPG count on 7^th, 14^th, 21^st and 28^th day of Helmex - vet ® (46.91%, 72.84%, 84.44% , 93.58%), Peraclear ® ( 46.67%, 71.67%, 83.33%, 90.56%) and Ralnex ® (49.27%, 72.82%, 93.93% , 85.80%) of treated cattle of group A,B and C respectively. EPG counts of untreated control group were increased 3.37%, 6.75%, 8.13 % and 9.69% on 7^th ,14^th ,21^st and 28^th day respectively. The body weight was increased significantly (p< 0.01) after Helmex - vet ®, Peraclear ® and Ralnex ® treatment in group A,B,C (2.2%, 1.9% and 2.19%) respectively. On the other hand body weight was reduced to the extent of 0.82% in the control group D after 28 days.

Keywords: Anthelmintics, Body weight, Cattle, Nematodiasis

Location: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cattle

Objectives:

(i) To observe the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodiasis in cattle under farm condition.

(ii) To study the comparative efficacy of Albendazole (Helmex - vet ® ), Fenbendazole (Peraclear ® ) and Levamisole (Ralnex ® ) against gastrointestinal nematodiasis in cattle.

(iii) To study the effect of Albendazole (Helmex - vet ® ), Fenbendazole (Peraclear ® ) and Levamisole (Ralnex ® ) on body weight gain/ loss.

Methodology:

Munshiganj Sadar is located at 23.4583°N 90.5417°E. Munshiganj District (Dhaka division) with an area of 954.96 sq km, is bounded by Dhaka and Narayanganj districts on the north, Madaripur and Shariatpur districts on the south, Comilla and Chandpur districts on the east, Dhaka and Faridpur districts on the west. Annual temperature maximum 36°C and minimum 12.7°C; total rainfall 2376 mm. This research work was carried out in local dairy farm at Sreenagar Milk Shed area (Milk Vita) in Munshigonj District, Bangladesh in Collaboration with the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet , Bangladesh. The following procedures were adopted for performing this work. i ) Selection and grouping of the animals; (ii) Collection of drugs and chemicals; (iii) Design of experiment ; (iv) Faecal sample examination; (v) Measurement of body weight; (vi) Analysis of the results and calculation. Faecal samples from 52 cattle (Both local and cross breed; 1.5 - 3 years old) were examined by direct smear, flotation methods and Egg Counting Mc. Master Methods. A total of 20 positive cases were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups, (A, B, C and D). Each group consists of 5 cattle which were both male and female. The most important gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle were Strongylids ( Haemonchus sp., Mecistocirrus sp. etc.), Trichuris sp., Trichostrongylus sp., Oesophagostomum sp. and Bunostomum sp. Three modern anthelmintics were purchased from local market. (i) Tab. Helmex - vet ® (Albendazole, Renata Limited, Bangladesh). (ii) Tab. Peraclear^® (Fenbendazole, Techno Drugs, Bangladesh). (ii) Tab. Ralnex^® ( Levamisole hydrochloride, Novartis Bangladesh limited ). Out of 52 cattle 30 were heavily infested with different gastrointestinal nematodes which were identified by faecal examination in the laboratory of the department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh. Among 30 cattle 20 were selected for this experiment and randomly divided into four equal groups (group A, B, C and D). Cattle of group D was kept as an infected control group. Rest groups (Group A, B and C) of cattle were treated with patent drug Albendazole (Helmex - vet^® ) 600 mg/Tab) 7.5 mg/kg body weight, Fenbendazole (Peraclear^®) 250 mg/bolus) 7.5 mg/kg body weight and Levamisole (Ralnex^® ) 708 mg/bolus) 7.5 mg/kg body weight orally for the determination of effects of these anthelmintics on body weight. The sufficient amount of fecal samples were collected from the rectum by hand, was kept in polythene bag and these were marking with Tag number. These were brought to the laboratory and examined by following different methods.

Source of Information: International Journal of Scientific Research in Agricultural Sciences, 2(3), pp. 061-075, 2015, ISSN: 2345-6795

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12983/ijsras-2015-p0061-0075

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The finding of the present study reveals that Helmex - vet ^®, Peraclear ^® and Ralnex ^® are highly effective for reduction of EPG of gastrointestinal nematodes. These three drugs have wide therapeutic index and they may kill or inhibit egg production of gastrointestinal nematodes. From this study, the Cattle should be regularly monitored through faecal examination for the presence of gastrointestinal parasites in order to provide rational treatment and to make the Cattle farming profitable. However, the present result is preliminary control efficacy studies of anthelmintics which may help the future researchers to explore the details pharmacokinetic and toxic effects for wide therapeutic uses in Bangladesh for the treatment of parasitic infection in cattle. The approach to take further widespread study related to these infections which will help to take obligatory preventive and control measures against parasitism.

Knowledge Management: Journal