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Semi-domesticated and Irreplaceable Genetic Resource Gayal (bos Frontalis) Needs Effective Genetic Conservation in Bangladesh: a Review

Md. Rasel Uzzaman
Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea

Md. Shamsul Alam Bhuiyan
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Zewdu Edea
Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea

Kwan-Suk Kim*
Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Several studies arduously reported that gayal (Bos frontalis) is an independent bovine species. The population size is shrinking across its distribution. In Bangladesh, it is the only wild relative of domestic cattle and also a less cared animal. Their body size is much bigger than Bangladeshi native cattle and has prominent beef type characters along with the ability to adjust in any adverse environmental conditions. Human interactions and manipulation of biodiversity is affecting the habitats of gayals in recent decades. Besides, the only artificial reproduction center for gayals, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), has few animals and could not carry out its long term conservation scheme due to a lack of an objective based scientific mission as well as financial support. This indicates that the current population is much more susceptible to stochastic events which might be natural catastrophes, environmental changes or mutations. Further reduction of the population size will sharply reduce genetic diversity. In our recent investigation with 80K indicine single nucleotide polymorphism chip, the FIS (within-population inbreeding) value was reported as 0.061±0.229 and the observed (0.153±0.139) and expected (0.148±0.143) heterozygosities indicated a highly inbred and less diverse gayal population in Bangladesh. Prompt action is needed to tape the genetic information of this semi-domesticated bovine species with considerable sample size and try to investigate its potentials together with native zebu cattle for understanding the large phenotypic variations, improvement and conservation of this valuable creature.

Keywords: Bangladesh, Gayal, Conservation, Semi-domestic, Genetic Resource

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Conservation and Biodiversity

Commodity: Gayal

Objectives:

To study on the merits of the genetic potential gayal across its distribution and address the urgent need of Bangladeshi gayal population to protect them from extinction since the population is facing a formidable situation. It has also been essential to study this breed which could be a way forward to understand more about the genetics and do more for the improvement of the livestock species in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

This review paper mainly discussed on the following sub-titles- 1. Introduction, 2. Appreciation and usage of gayal, 3. Karyotypic and phylogenetic studies reveal the origin of gayal, 4. Phenotypic traits deserve attention in gayal, 5. How the current population is under threat, 6. Tools for genetic evaluation and set up conservation strategy.

Source of Information: Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 27, No. 9 : 1368-1372 September 2014

Article Link (Online Journal): http://ajas.info/upload/pdf/ajas-27-9-1368.pdf

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From this study it can be concluded that In the recent investigation with 80K indicine single nucleotide polymorphism chip, the FIS (within-population inbreeding) value was reported as 0.061±0.229 and the observed (0.153±0.139) and expected (0.148±0.143) heterozygosities indicated a highly inbred and less diverse gayal population in Bangladesh. Prompt action is needed to tape the genetic information of this semi-domesticated bovine species with considerable sample size and try to investigate its potentials together with native zebu cattle for understanding the large phenotypic variations, improvement and conservation of this valuable creature.

Knowledge Management: Journal