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Abundance and Distribution of Plankton in the Sunderbans Mangrove Forest

MD. MANIRUL MAMUN
Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh

MD. GOLAM SAROWER
Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh

MD. ASLAM ALI
Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh

S.M. BAZLUR RAHMAN
Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh

KHANDAKER ANISUL HUQ
Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study conducted at the coastal belt of Bay of Bengal during April 1 to December 1, 2005 to identify and quantify the abundance, taxonomy and relative ratio of phytoplankton and zooplankton, plankton samples were collected from four main streams of the Sundarbans mangrove ecosystems. A total of 15 genera of phytoplankton were recorded. The number of genera under the class Chlorophyceae, Myxophyceae and Bacillriophyceae were identified at 5, 7 and 3 respectively. Cosciodiscus sp. and Microcystis sp. were the most dominant genera in phytoplankton community. The average overall phytoplankton cell abundance was varied from 275 to 5680 individual per liter in summer, 125 to 6250 individual/l in monsoon and 267 to 7707 individual/l in winter. The study revealed the average phytoplankton abundance was 2510, 1786 and 2550 individuals/l in summer, monsoon and winter respectively. Among the three class of phytoplankton Myxophyceae (54 percents) is the most dominant in summer in the sunderbans mangrove forest. The abundance of Myxophyceae was 58 percents and 55 percents in monsoon and winter respectively. The abundance of Chlorophyceae was 23 percents 16 percents and 22 percents in summer, monsoon and winter respectively.A total of 11 genera of zooplankton were recorded. The number of genera of zooplankton under the class Crustacea was identified The average overall zooplankton cell abundance was varied from 370 to 4420 individual/l in summer, 250 to 2550 individual/l in monsoon and 260 to 2835 individual/l in winter. The study revealed the average zooplankton abundance was 2038, 1260 and 1206 individuals/l in summer, monsoon and winter respectively.

Keywords: Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, and Mangrove Forest

Location: Sundarbans area

Start Date: 00-04-2005

End Date: 00-12-2005

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Aquatic animal

Objectives:

To know about the present status of abundance, taxonomy, relative ratio of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the Sundarbans Mangrove Ecosystem.

Methodology:

Sampling area: The study area lies 300 km southwest of Dhaka, Bangladesh on the coastal plain at the apex of the Bay of Bengal and covers approximately 14,000 km². The area lies between 21^o30’ and 23^o15’ North and 89^o00’ and 90^o00’ East and includes the world’s largest continuous mangrove forest, the Sundarbans, estuarine marshlands and numerous rivers, canals and their tributaries. The terrain is relatively flat; the elevation ranges from sea level to 5 m above mean sea level. Sources of data: Raw data in the present study were collected from three trips report entitled Fisheries Research and Stock Assessment in the Sundarbans (FRSAS) by the Fisheries and Marine Resources Technology Dicsipline, Khulna University under Sunderbans Biodiversity Conservation Project (SBCP). The collected samples of the project were also used for further analysis. Plankton Collection: Phytoplankton samples were collected from the Sundarbans mangrove water is divided into four main rivers at sampling stations. Each stream was also divided into seven stations depending on longitudinal (10) difference. Sampling was done at 18 stations from April to December 2005. Phytoplankton and zooplankton samples were collected both qualitatively and quantitatively from 18 stations by using simple conical tow-net oblique or horizontal tows, which mesh size, is 90μm. and the samples were kept in the plastic container. Water within container was taken from the representative area to analysis physiochemical parameters. Preservation: Two-preserved sample for phytoplankton abundance evaluation, Lugol’s solution was used at amount 1.5ml per 250-ml samples and samples were taken 250 ml each and every occasion. Two-preserved sample for zooplankton abundance evaluation, Borax buffered formalin was used at amount 1.5ml per 250 ml samples and samples were taken 250 ml each and every occasion. Identification: Phytoplankton cells were enumerated under a light microscope by using Sedwick-Rafter cell. A series of pencil and ink drawing on postcards of the species of the observed were prepared to identify the organisms. Identification was done by the help of following book: Division of Chlorophyceae- Chlorophyta. Counting: For phytoplankton counting, the Sedgwick-Rafter (S-R) cell was used which is 50 mm. long, 20mm. wide and 1 mm. deep. Before filling the S-R cell with sample, the cover glasses were diagonally placed across the cell and then samples were transferred with a large bore pipette so that no air bubbles in the cell covers were formed. The S-R cell was let standed for at least 15 minute to settle plankton. Then phytoplankton on the bottom of the S-R cell was counted inumerated by compound microscope. By moving the mechanical stage, the entire bottom of the slide area was examined carefully. Organisms lying between two parallel cross hairs were counted as they passed a vertical line. Number of phytoplankton in the S-R cell was derived. Data analysis and map building: GIS software consisted of an interface from MAPINFO and digitized maps from ArcView3.2v. An alternative software system is produced by ARCINFO and MAPINFO is computable with that system. The GIS software was used to view the statistical results and map of Sunderbans mangrove forest.

Source of Information: j. innov.dev.strategy. 3(3): 43-54(May 2009)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The study revealed the average zooplankton abundance was 2038, 1260 and 1206 individuals/l in summer, monsoon and winter respectively.

Knowledge Management: Journal