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Optimizing Sowing Methods Through Estimates of Interactions Between Sowing Date and Genotypes in Some Morpho-physiological Traits in Rice (oryza Sativa L)

Fatema-Tuj-Johora
Department of Crop Botany, EXIM Bank Agricultural University, Bangladesh.

Jalal Uddin Ahmed
Dept of Crop Botany, BSMRAU, Gazipur1706, Bangladesh.

Morshed M
Senior Scientist
IRRI, Philippines

Mian MAK
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, BSMRAU, Gazipur1706, Bangladesh.

Ariful Islam M
Department of GPB, EXIM Bank Agricultural University, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

For optimizing some morpho- physiological traits in two different sowing methods of boro rice genotypes at varying seeding time, a field experiment was carried out at the research farm of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur; Bangladesh during 2009-10. A decreasing trend of plant height was observed at sowing dates after 8 December and the decreasing trend continued until 07 January . The smaller plant in delayed seeding indicate the sensitivity of late seeding low temperature on the dry matter production of the genotype, unlike other genotypes which expressed no significant reduction in plant height due to late seeding. Significant responses of environments were found either in between the varieties but in between the sowing dates. Maximum number of effective tillers was observed in both direct seeded and transplanted condition in December 18. The tiller number increased with delayed seeding until December 18. But tiller numbers were found to decline afterwards. PSBRC 82 took maximum days to flower sowing on December 08 in transplanting condition but first flowering in direct seeding condition which was statistically different. The earliest flowering was observed in BRRI dhan28 sowing on January 07. In direct seeding condition than in transplanting. OM2718 gave the maximum sterility when it was practiced in transplanting method than the direct seeded method at January 07. The increase of filled grains reflects clearly that the number of filled grains exhibited higher in direct seeded methods than transplanting method in all genotypes interaction with sowing date of 18 December. Such difference in number of filled grains might be due to undisturbed root establishment in direct seeding method than transplanted Method. PSBRC 82 sowing on 18 December resulted the highest grain yield in direct seeding methods followed by in BRRI dhan28 in transplanting.

Keywords: Optimizing; Direct seeding; Transplanting; Sowing dates; Genotypes; Effective tillers, Harvest index

Location: Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Salna, Gazipur.

Start Date: 00-11-2009

End Date: 00-05-2010

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To compare direct seeding method against transplanting method.
To evaluate the morpho- physiological traits of rice

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out at the research farm of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Salna, Gazipur under the department of Crop Botany during Boro (Winter) seasons from November 2009 to May 2010. The experimental site was located at the centre of Madhupur Tract at 24°09^/ North latitude and 90°26^/ East longitude with elevation of 8.4 meter from sea level. The Soil of the experimental site was clay loam of shallow red brown in texture belonging to Salna series. The seeds were collected from genetic resources center (GRC) of International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI). Different sowing dates were : Sowing date 01, December 08/2009: Sowing date 02, December 18/2009: Sowing date 03, December 28/2009 and Sowing date 04, January 07/2010. Seeds were sowed directly for direct seeding and soaked separately for 48 hr in clothes bag for the method of transplanting. Soaked seeds were picked out from water and wrapped with straw and gunny bag to increase the temperature for facilitating germination. Fertilizers were applied according to manual of BRRI; N @ 110 kg/ha, P₂O₅ 90 kg/ha, K₂O 75 kg/ha, and Gypsum 60 kg/ha. Total Nitrogen was applied in four installments at just before seeding, at 15 DAT (Days after transplanting), 30 DAT and 45 DAT recommended by BRRI. Other fertilizers were applied during the final land preparation. Land was well plowed, well puddled and leveled for the seedbed. About 250 g seeds were soaked for 24 hr in transplanting methods. Soaked seeds were kept under straw for 3 days. Sprouted seeds of each variety were sown. The channels (15 cm deep and 50 cm wide) were used for irrigation and drainage. A foliar spray of Furadan 5 G was applied to protect the seedlings against insect pests. Healthy seedlings of 40 days old were transplanted on each plot of the experimental field. In each plot for transplanting 20 cm × 20 cm (line to line and seedling to seedlings) spacing and for direct seeded condition 3-4 seeds were sown per pit as a distance of 20 cm from line to line and 15 cm from plant to plant as recommended. In direct seeded condition 3-4 seeds were sown per pit as a distance of 20 cm from line to line and 15 cm from plant to plant as recommended. A bundle of seedlings were kept at the side of each plot for gap filling and gap filling was done at seven days of transplanting to replace the dead ones. Hand weeding was done to keep the experimental field free from weed infestation throughout the crop growth phases. The field was irrigated properly and 5-10 cm water depth was maintained up to heading in transplanted method. A good drainage system was also maintained specially after flowering. The excess water was drained out leaving the soil only at saturated condition. Data were collected on seedling mortality, days to panicle initiation, total number of effective tillers per panicle and biological yield. Three factor Split-split plot design where the used methods of sowing (main plot), sowing dates (sub plot) and genotypes were in sub-sub plot. The whole experimental area was divided into different blocks and sub-blocks and sub-sub-blocks, representing three replications. Four rice varieties were assigned randomly to each unit plot of 5.8 m × 2.6 m dimension. All the collected data of the present study were statistically analyzed using MSTAT-C Program. The statistical analysis for various characters under investigation were done and the analysis of variance for each of the characters was performed by F test and mean values were separated by lsd. Four different genotypes were used in the study. The seeds were collected from genetic resources center (GRC) of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI).

Source of Information: J Rice Res 2015, Vol: 3(3), ISSN: 2375-4338

Article Link (Online Journal): http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2375-4338.1000146

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Among the genotypes PSBRC 82 was found to initiate maximum number of filled grains with least difference of the process between direct seeding and transplanting method. The lowest 1000 grain weight (18.150 g) was found in BRRI dhan28 at sowing on 18 December in transplanting condition and (18.816 g) in direct seeding condition, which signify that BRRI dhan28 was finer than that of other genotypes. PSBRC 82 sowing on 18 December resulted the highest grain yield of 5.9 t/ha in direct seeding methods followed by 5.84 t/ha in BRRI dhan28 and 5.841 t/ha in case of transplanting.

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