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Yield and Quality of Groundnut (arachis Hypogaea L.) as Affected by Hill Density and Number of Plants Per Hill

A.T.M. Morshed Alam
Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Manimia Avenue, Dhaka -1207, Bangladesh

Md. Abdur Rahman Sarker
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Md. Abul Hossain
Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Manimia Avenue, Dhaka -1207, Bangladesh

Md. Mahbubul Islam
Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Manimia Avenue, Dhaka -1207, Bangladesh

Md. Samiul Haque
Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Manimia Avenue, Dhaka -1207, Bangladesh

M. Hussain
Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Manimia Avenue, Dhaka -1207, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted to find the effect of hill density and number of plants hill^-1 on the pod yield and seed quality of groundnut. A density of 200000 hills ha^-1 gave the highest yield compared with 100000 and 400000 hills ha^-1. Seed quality expressed through protein and oil contents remained unaffected due to plant density. Two plants hill^-1 gave significantly higher yield than that of one plant and three plants hill^-1. Protein contents were significantly affected due to the number of plants hill^-1 where two plants hill^-1 gave the maximum result which was insignificantly followed by that of three plants hill^-1 while oil content remained unaffected. The crops of 200000 hills ha^-1 with two plants hill^-1 showed maximum pod yield (2.65t ha^-1). Both protein and oil contents were found higher with the crops of 100000 hills ha^-1 with two plants hill^-1. Therefore, a density of 200000 hills ha^-1 with two plants hill^-1 emerged out as the promising practice for the improvement of yield in groundnut.

Keywords: Arachis hypogaea, Hill, Plant density, Groundnut shelling percentage

Location: Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-12-1995

End Date: 00-05-1996

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Ground nut

Objectives:

The present study was designed to determine appropriate hill density and number of plants hill^-1 for high yield and better quality seeds of groundnut crop.

Methodology:

The research work was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during the period from December 1995 to May 1996.The experimental site usually remains above the flood level. Soil type of the experimental land is sandy loam in texture with pH ranging from 5.5 to 6.0. Its chemical composition shows 0.7% total N, 0.62% organic carbon, 12ppm available P, 0.23meq/100g exchangeable K and 14ppm available S. The treatments included three hill densities [D₁=100000 hills ha^-1 (33.1 x 33.1cm²), D₂= 200000 hills ha^-1 (22.4 x 22.4cm²) and D₃=400000 hills ha^-1 (15.8 x 15.8cm²)] and three levels of number of plants hill^-1 (N₁= 1 plant hill^-1, N₂=2 plants hill^-1 and N₃=3 plants hill^-1).The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design and replicated three times. The size of each unit plot was 4.0 X 2.4m². The plots were fertilized with urea, triple super phosphate, muriate of potash, gypsum and zinc oxide at the rate of 70, 160, 85, 110 and 5kg ha^-1, respectively as recommended by Anonymous (1990). The groundnut variety "Jhinga badam"(Acc-12) was used as the study material. Seeds were sown on 26 December 1995, maintaining plant spacing as per treatments. Crop management practices, such as gap filling, weeding, thinning, irrigation and mulching were accomplished as per requirements. Crops were harvested at maturity with field duration of 150 days. Analysis of variances were worked out to find the statistical significance of the treatments on yield and yield attributes. The differences in treatment means in question of significance were adjudged by the Duncan's New Multiple Range test. Protein and oil contents of shelled nuts were determined through chemical analysis by 'Micro Kjeldhal method' and 'Soxhlet Analytical method, respectively.

Source of Information: Journal of Agronomy, 1: 74-76, 2002; ISSN 1680-8207

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.3923/ja.2002.74.76; URL: http://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ja.2002.74.76

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the findings of the experiment it can be suggested that groundnut crops may preferably be planted maintaining 200000 hills ha^-1 with two plants hill^-1 in order to obtain higher pod yield and better quality seeds.

Knowledge Management: Journal