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Combination of Azolla and Urea Nitrogen for Satisfactory Production of Irrigated Boro Rice (brri Dhan 29)

Shamima Akhter
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M.H. Mian
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M.A. Kader
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh

S.A. Begum
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A suitable combination of Azolla and urea-N was investigated for cultivation of rice (cv. BRRI dhan29). For this purpose an attempt was made to apply 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70% of the recommended doses of urea in 2 or 3 splits along with incorporation of one layer of Azolla grown from 0.2 kg m^-2 inoculum. Two separate treatments of applying 100% of the recommended dose of urea in 3-splits (without Azolla) and no application of N at all from either urea or Azolla were included. Azolla covered the surface area in 13 days after inoculation at 7 DAT and reached the maximum growth in 19 days producing 14.0 to 18.3 t ha^-1 fresh biomass containing 20.7 to 26.4 kg N ha^-1. Incorporation of one layer of Azolla at 30 DAT plus application of 50, 60 and 70 kg N ha^-1 in 3 splits constituted the application of 72.7, 81.6 and 91.1 kg N ha^-1 that produced 5.58, 6.00 and 6.02 t ha^-1 grain yields which were statistically similar to each other but the latter two were statistically superior to the grain yield of 5.40 t ha^-1 produced by conventional recommended practice. Total uptake of N, P and S by the rice plants (grain+straw) were increased significantly due to incorporation of Azolla. Incorporation of one layer of Azolla plus application of 60% of urea-N appeared as the best combination in this study.

Keywords: Azolla, Rice, Urea, Yield, Biomass, N, P and S uptake

Location: Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 02-02-2000

End Date: 25-05-2000

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Bio fertilizer, Fertilizer, Water management

Objectives:

To test the extent of Azolla biomass production and nitrogen fixation by growing Azolla simultaneously with BRRI dhan29 in boro season and the extent of reduction of urea-N by incorporating the produced Azolla biomass for cultivation of BRRI dhan29.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in the Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during boro season of 2000. Combinations of one layer of Azolla were made with urea nitrogen for obtaining a satisfactory yield of irrigated BRRI dhan29 rice in boro season. Characteristically, the soil was silt loam having pH 6.6, organic matter 3.183%, total N 0.16%, available phosphorus 8.5 ppm, available S 10.0 ppm. Mechanical analysis of soil was done by hydrometer method and the textural class was determined following “Marshall’s Triangular Coordinates” using USDA system. The pH of the soil was determined with the help of a glass electrode pH meter using the soil:water ratio of 1:2.5. Wet oxidation method was followed to determine the percentage of organic carbon and then the organic matter content was calculated by multiplying the percent organic carbon with the Van Bemmelen factor, 1.73. The N, P and S contents of the soil samples were determined by the following of standard procedure. The twelve treatments used in this experiment were as follows; T₀: control (no N as Azolla or urea); T₁: inoculation of 0.2 kg m^-2 Azolla at 7 DAT and incorporation of the formed layer at 30 DAT+30% of urea-N in 2 splits (15 and 60 DAT); T₂: as in T₁ but 40% of urea-N; T₃: as in T₁ but 50% of urea-N; T₄: as in T₁ but 60% of urea-N; T₅: as in T₁ but 70% of urea-N; T₆: as in T₁ but 30% of urea-N in 3 splits (15, 45 and 60 DAT); T₇: as in T₆ but 40% of urea-N; T₈: as in T₆ but 50% of urea-N; T₉: as in T₆ but 60% of urea-N; T₁₀: as in T₆ but 70% of urea-N and T₁₁: 100% of urea-N (recommended dose) applied in 3 equal splits. Triple super phosphate, muriate of potash, gypsum and zinc sulphate were applied to all the experimental plots as basal dose @ 20 kg P, 40 kg K, 10 kg S and 1 kg Zn ha^-1, respectively. The treatments were laid out in randomized complete block (RCBD) design with 3 replications. The unit plot size was 4 x 2.5 m² and the total number of plots were 36. Forty days old seedlings of BRRI Dhan 29 rice were transplanted on 2 February, 2000 at 25x15 cm² spacing. Irrigation was done in the experimental plots to maintain 5-10 cm water up to 30 DAT to grow Azolla. The weights of fresh biomass of Azolla were recorded as per design. The crops were harvested at maturity on 25 May, 2000. Ten hills were randomly selected from each plot at maturity to record the yield contributing characters. Grain and straw yields were recorded plot wise. The grain and straw samples were dried in an oven at 60°C for about 48 h and then ground. The samples were digested and then analyzed for the determination of N, P and S contents following standard procedure. The data were statistically analyzed by F-test and the means were compared by Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT).

Source of Information: Journal of Agronomy, 1: 127-130, 2002; ISSN 1680-8207

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.3923/ja.2002.127.130; URL: http://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ja.2002.127.130

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In conclusion inoculation of 0.2 kg m^-2 Azolla may grow simultaneously with BRRI dhan29 in boro season to yield about 14.2 to18.3 t ha^-1 of biomass within 30 DAT containing 20.7-26.4 kg N ha^-1 for incorporation in order to reduce the use of urea fertilizer by about 40%.

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