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Effect of Ripening Chemical Application at Different Stage of Maturity on Postharvest Quality of Tomato

M. Miaruddin
Postharvest Technology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

M. H. H. Khan
Postharvest Technology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

M. M. Rahman
Postharvest Technology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

S. Pervin
Postharvest Technology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

M. A. A. Sabuz
Postharvest Technology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Sadia Sattar
Postharvest Technology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of ripening chemical application at different stages of maturity on post harvest quality of tomato (Lypersicon esculentum). The tomatoes with various stages of maturity (half ripe, breaker stage, mature green and immature green) were used in the study for ripening with application of ripening chemical (ethephon @750 ppm) with an absolute control (ripe tomatoes without application of ethephon). The fruits were assessed for physiological changes such as ripening percentage, firmness and pulp recovery, biochemical aspects such as TSS (%), titratable acidity (%), ascorbic acid content (mg/100g), total carotenoids (mg/100g). The data were recorded at 3, 6 and 9 and 12 days after storage. Tomato harvested after maturation showed enhanced ripening process with better quality parameters and increased pulp recovery whereas the immature tomato did not recover 50% pulp at edible stage also. From the experiment it was found that, tomatoes harvested at maturity maintains better quality in all aspects though ripening chemical was used .

Keywords: Tomato, Postharvest, Ripening

Location: Postharvest Technology Division,Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-2013

End Date: 00-00-2014

Program Area: Postharvest and Agro-processing

Commodity: Tomato

Objectives:

To find the suitable stage of maturity for applying ripening chemicals on tomatoes, and
To assess the quality of tomatoes with application of ripening chemicals at different stages of maturity.

Methodology:

The present experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of the Postharvest Technology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute during the year 2013 and 2014. The BARI Tomato-14 with different physiological maturity and free from physical defects and insect infestation were collected from the experimental field of Post Harvest Technology Division and used for the study. The fruits were selected and grouped on the basis of uniformity, maturity and size. The fruits were washed with clean water and dried with air flow before use. According to the maturity, the tomatoes were divided into five groups like (T₁) ripe/control, (T₂) half ripe, (T₃) breaker stage, (T₄) mature green and (T₅) immature green, each group containing nine kg of tomatoes. Then each group was dipped in 750 ppm ethephon solution for five minutes except the control or full ripe tomatoes (T₁). The control fruits were dipped for five minutes in the pure water without using the ethephon solution. After that, the fruits were air dried at ambient temperature for 10 minutes in an attempt to reduce possible chemical injury. Five tomatoes were drawn from each treatment after 3, 6, 9 and 12 days of storage for their physico-chemical analysis. The samples were assessed for percentage of ripening, firmness (kg-f/cm²), TSS (%), titratable acidity (%), ascorbic acid (mg/100g), total carotenoids (mg/100g) and pulp or juice content (%). Percentage of ripening (%) was calculated as per the formula: ripening (%) = the number of ripe fruit/total number of fruit) X 100 and expressed as a percentage. Titratable acidity (%), TSS (%) and ascorbic acid (mg/100g) were determined following the method described by Ranganna (2007). Firmness was measured by using a Digital Firmness Tester (DFT 14, Agro Technologie, France). Firmness value was expressed as a resistance force (kg- force/cm²) of the surface. Measurements were taken at three different places of each tomato and mean was calculated. Total carotenoid was measured by taking 5 grams of the sample, grounded with acetone and anhydrous sodium sulphate in a pestle and mortar. Total carotenoids (mg/100g) was measured by spectrophotometer (T-80, PG Instrument Ltd., UK) at 451µm. Total pulp recovery was determined by boiling the tomatoes and sieved to separate seeds, skin and pulp. Percentage of pulp was calculated by the formula: % pulp content = (collected pulp wt./wt. of original tomato) X 100. The experiment was carried out Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and all five treatments were replicated three times. The data were analyzed for ANOVA in M-stat and DMRT was used to compare the means.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report, Postharvest Technology Division, BARI, Gazipur, 2013-2014

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Experimental results showed that, there were little differences in nutrient content among the tomatoes at different maturity stages. The pulp recovery percentages of mature tomatoes were higher than the immature tomatoes. The other parameters like ripening percentage, firmness were observed in better state if the tomatoes were harvested at mature stage. As the farmers applys ethephon in immature tomatoes,thus the nutritional quality gets inferior than the tomatoes harvested at maturity.

Knowledge Management: Journal