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Study of Antidiarrhoeal Activity of Two Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh in Castor-oil Induced Diarrhoea

Pritesh Ranjan Dash
Department of Pharmacy, BRAC University, 41, Pacific Tower, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Mahmuda Nasrin
Department of Pharmacy, BRAC University, 41, Pacific Tower, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Sheikh Zahir Raihan
Department of Pharmacy, BRAC University, 41, Pacific Tower, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Mohammad Shawkat Ali
Department of Pharmacy, BRAC University, 41, Pacific Tower, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Kaempferia galanga (Family: Zingiberaceae) has immense importance in traditional health care system as a carminative, cholera, anti-inflammatory, abdominal pain, dyspepsia and stomachic as well as in the diseases of coughs, pectoral affections and stoppage of the nasal blocks. Grewia paniculata (Family: Malvaceae) has been used in traditional medicine for treatment of indigestion, eczema, itch, small-pox, typhoid fever, dysentery and syphilitic ulceration of the mouth. Leaves of this plant used along with turmeric and shell of snail for the treatment of jaundice. This study was aimed to investigate the antidiarrhoeal activity of the acetonic extract of Kaempferia galanga and ethanolic extract of Grewia paniculata. The acetone extract of rhizome (ACR), as well acetone extract of leaf (ACL), ethanol extract of bark (EEB) and ethanol extract of leaf (EEL) were subjected to antidiarrhoeal activity test. The antidiarrhoeal activity was performed by castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice. In this study, both plant extracts exhibited significant inhibition (p < 0.05-0.001) and a dose dependent decrease in the total number of faecal dropping in castor oil induced diarrhoea in mice. Maximum 80.00% and 77.36% inhibition of defecation were observed with ACL (200 mg/kg) and EEL (500 mg/kg) where the standard drug Loperamide (3mg/kg) showed 54.64% inhibition of defecation. The results suggest that both the plant extracts possess pronounced antidiarrhoeal activity. This study validates the use of these plants in traditional medicine.

Keywords: Kaempferia galanga, Grewia paniculata, Antidiarrhoeal activity

Location:

Start Date: 00-09-2011

End Date: 00-12-2011

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Medicinal Plants

Objectives:

To investigate the anti diarrhoeal activity of the acetonic extract of Kaempferia galanga and ethanolic extract of Grewia paniculata.

Methodology:

Castor oil and Loperamide were purchased from local manufacturers. The plant of Kaempferia galanga was collected from the local area of Mauoa, Dhaka during December 2011 and Grewia paniculata was collected from Gazipur, Dhaka during September 2011. Dust, dirt and the undesirable materials were then separated manually. The collected plants were then identified by the taxonomist of Bangladesh National Herbarium, Mirpur, Dhaka and a voucher specimen has been deposited (DACB: 36,064, Kaempferia galanga and DACB: 35,942, Grewia paniculata) for further reference. The plant parts were extracted by a cold extraction method. The rhizome (900 g) and leaf (200 g) of Kaempferia galanga powder were taken and soaked with 2700 ml and 600 ml of acetone for 3 consecutive days at 25°C. The extracts were filtered and evaporated on rotary evaporator under reduced pressure. Recovered solvent was again used for percolation for another 3 days. The process was repeated three times to obtained 58 g rhizome (yield 6.45%) and 4.14 g leaf (yield 2.07%) extract of Kaempferia galanga. In the same way the powder of Grewia paniculata bark (1000 g) and leaf (400 g) were soaked with 3000 ml and 900 ml of ethanol to obtained 132 g bark (yield 13.2%) and 16.94 g leaf (yield 4.24%) extract.. Swiss albino mice of either sex, 4-5 weeks of age, weighing between 25-30 gm, were collected from the Animal Research Branch of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease and Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B). Animals were maintained under standard environmental conditions (temperature: (24.0±1.0º), relative humidity: 55-65% and 12hrs light/12 hrs dark cycle) and had free access to feed and water ad libitum. The animals were acclimatized to laboratory condition for two weeks prior to experimentation 8. The University Animal Research Ethical Committee approved the experimental protocol.The animals were divided into control, standard and test groups containing six mice of each. Experimental animals were randomly selected and divided into four groups denoted as control, standard and test samples (group-I and group-II) and consisting of 6 mice in each group.The statistical analysis for animal experiment was carried out using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons. The results obtained were compared with the control group. P < 0.05- 0.001 were considered to be statistically significant.

Source of Information: International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences And Research, 2014; Vol. 5(9): 3864-3868.

Article Link (Online Journal): http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.5(9).3864-68

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Both Kaempferia galanga and Grewia paniculata extracts possessed significant anti diarrhoeal properties, thus supports the traditional use of Kaempferia galanga and Grewia paniculata in the treatment of diarrhoea. With respect to the castor oil–induced diarrhoea model, the results revealed that the Kaempferia galanga extract showed slightly better protection from diarrhoea in the animals as compared with Grewia paniculata extract. Further studies are required to identify and isolate the active principles to establish the exact mechanism of action of the test extract.

Knowledge Management: Journal