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Anatomy of the Stem of Pigeonpea (cajanus Cajan)

Shahanara Begum
Assistant Professor
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

Md. Azharul Islam
Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

A. K. M. Azad-ud-doula Prodhan
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Anatomical investigation has been made on the stem of pigeonpea (Cajanas cajan (L.) Millsp.) at different stages of growth following the standard paraffin method of micro technique. The vascular bundle of the stem are collateral and arranged in a ring. The cambium initiates in the primary vascular bundle between xylem and phloem at the basal part of the stem of 3 days old plant. After the formation of fascicular cambium it gives rise to secondary xylem abaxially and secondary phloem abaxially. Most of the vessel members are solitary and few are paired while others are multiple. The solitary vessel members are more in mature stem as compared to that of the younger stem. The well developed periderm was found in mature stem. The pith resembles a typical dicotyledonous stem.

Keywords: Pigeonpea, Cajanas cajan, Anatomy, Stem

Location: Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-07-2003

End Date: 00-05-2004

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Pigeonpea

Objectives:

To investigate the anatomical features of the stem of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) at different stages of growth.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out in the university farm and as well as in the department of Crop Botany during the study period between July 2003 and May 2004. The seeds were sown in poly bags were transplanted in pits of plots. Some seeds were also placed on moist filter paper in large petri dishes in the laboratory at room temperature of about 26-28°C. The sprouting was considered as 0 h age of the plant. Stems of 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 9 days old seedlings were fixed separately in Craf III after making small pieces of about 5 mm in length. The stems of 9, 10, 12, 13 and 15 days old seedlings were collected from both poly bags and pits of the plots. The stems of 15, 21, 25, 30 and mature plants were collected from the pits of the plots. These were fixed in FAA after making the pieces of about 5 mm in length. The materials fixed in Craf III and FAA were dehydrated through the tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) series. The materials fixed in FAA were washed in running water for 2-3 h before dehydration. The materials fixed in Craf III were very succulent. They were dehydrated gradually more grades of alcohol to avoid more shrinkage. The dehydrated materials were gradually infiltrated with paraffin oil and low melting point paraffin wax (51°C) for 1-3 days. The succulent materials were dehydrated for a longer period. Finally, the materials were embedded in high melting point paraffin wax (61°C). Repeated trial showed that there was less shrinkage when the materials were infiltrated for a longer period. Serial transverse sections were made at 10-15 μ by a rotary micro tome. The sections were stained with safranin and fast green and mounted in Canada balsam after proper dehydration with ethyl alcohol and clearing with xylene. Free hand sections were also made from fresh and fixed materials. Olympus binocular compound microscope (Japan) has been used to investigate the anatomical sections.

Source of Information: Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 6 (2): 276-281, 2007, ISSN 1682-3974.

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2007.276.281, URL: http://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ajps.2007.276.281

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The primary vascular tissue appears after the elongation of the first internode of the stem of pigeonpea. The internode between cotyledonary node and first leaf is considered as the first internode of the stem. The vascular bundles are collateral and arranged in a ring. The sclerenchymatous cells constitute the pericycle are present on the abaxial side of the vascular bundles. The pericycle is discontinuous in the basal part of the stem. The epidermis is single layered. The epidermis ruptures here and there and the cells become partly or wholly disorganized due to the stress of secondary growth. The cambium initiates in primary vascular bundle between xylem and phloem of 3 days old plant. The activity of cambium is similar to the woody dicityledonous herb. After the formation of fascicular cambium it gives rise to secondary xylem abaxially and secondary phloem abaxially. After the disintegration of the epidermis, the phellogen appears in the cortex and gives rise to cork cells abaxially and phelloderm abaxially. The pith resembles a typical dicotyledonous stem.

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