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Control of Mycoflora of Farmer`s Stored Seeds of Mungbean

Joyjit Barua
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

M. Mahboob Hossain
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

Ismail Hossain
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

A. A. M. Syedur Rahman
Department of Agroforestry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

Md. Abu Taher Sahel
Regional Sugarcane Research Station, BSRI, Joydevpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The prevalence of fungi and bacteria associated with mungbean (Vigna radiata) seeds and their control were studied during the month of January-November, 2004. Twenty seed samples of mungbean were collected from two villages of Mymensingh district. The germination percentage of all samples of mungbean remarkably varied. Hot water treatment at 53°C for 15 min showed comparatively better performance than Vitavax-200 at the rate of 2.5 g kg^-1 in case of germination. Seed-borne fungi were recorded and detected by using blotter method. Four different fungal pathogens were identified, viz. Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium spp. (F. oxysporum, F. moniliforme, F. semitectum) and Penicillium spp. Two groups of bacteria were identified on un-germinated seeds and emerging radicles. Yellow and creamy colored bacterial colonies were found in seed surface during blotter incubation test. It was also observed that liquid assay was better than the washing test and blotter method for detecting pathogenic bacteria. Xanthomonas campestris pv. vignicola and Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae were identified. Efficacy of two seed treating methods viz. Vitavax-200 and hot water were tested in the laboratory. Mungbean seeds treated with Vitavax-200 at the rate of 2.5 g kg^-1 showed highest control of seed-borne fungi than hot water treatment. Hot water treatment at 55°C temperature for 15 min also found effective for reduction of seed-borne fungi and bacterial infections. But 55°C of hot water treatment hampered the germination percentage of seeds. Hot water treatment at 53°C temperature for 15 min was effective for controlling seed-borne mycoflora next to Vitavax-200at the rate of 2.5 g kg^-1.

Keywords: Mungbean, Fungi and bacteria association, Seed treatment, Hot water treatment,

Location: Seed Pathology Centre (SPC), Department of Plant Pathology and IPM Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-01-2004

End Date: 00-11-2004

Program Area: Seed Technology

Commodity: Mungbean

Objectives:

. To record the prevalence of mycoflora in farmer’s stored mungbean seeds and
. To determine the efficacy of seed treating methods against the major seed borne pathogens of mungbean.

Methodology:

The research activity was conducted in the Seed Pathology Centre (SPC), MS laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology and in the IPM Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during January to November, 2004. The experiment was laid out in two villages’ namely Suthiakhali and Chariswardi in randomly selected farmers field. A total of 20 working samples of local variety mungbean seeds five samples were collected from five randomly selected farmers of each village. Each sample was about 300 g. The samples were enclosed in polythene bags with proper labeling, brought directly to SPC Laboratory and kept in the refrigerator at 5±1°C until used for subsequent studies. For detection of seed-borne pathogens associated with mungbean seed, samples were detected by blotter test (ISTA, 1976) for fungal pathogens. Blotter incubation test, washing test, Liquid assay test were conducted for pure colony of bacteria and NA media bacterial slant was then prepared in NA slant for future identification (Carmen Nieves Mortensen, 1997) bacterial pathogens. Future Identification and confirmatory test of bacteria were: Physiological test: Gram staining test, Potassium hydroxide solubility test, Potato soft rot test, Temperature test. Biochemical test: Kovac’s oxidase test. Host tests: Hypersensitivity test Pathogenicity test of isolated bacteria: Seedling leaf inoculation. The efficacies of seed treating methods against the major seed borne pathogens of mungbean were then tested by Seed treatment with Vitavax-200 and hot water. Vitavax-200 (5, 6 dehydro-2-Methyl-1, 4-Oxathin-3-carboxilide) was used in this study. The seeds were treated with Vitavax-200 at the rate of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 g kg^-1 of seed weight. Twenty grams of seeds was taken in a 250 mL conical flask and required amount of fungicide was added to it. The mixture was then shaken for 15 min for uniform coating of fungicides on the seeds. In case of control, seeds were not treated with Vitavax-200. For hot water treatment, the vegetable seed treating device was used in the IPM Laboratory. The vegetable seed treating Plant made up of locally available materials works automatically controlling temperature with time. Firstly seeds were soaked in normal water for 2-3 h in a cotton fabric bag. Then pouring 2 L water in the device below the red marking, the device was connected with electricity with the help of heater coil the device was heated. With the time and thermostat bulb the device was regulated to the desired temperatures such as 45, 48, 50, 53 and 55°C for 15 min. The desired temperature and time were controlled with the help of thermometer and stop watch. After the treatment, seeds were taken out of the tank, drained off and spread on a piece of brown paper and shade dried. Then the seeds were plated for test. In case of control, seeds were presoaked as above but were not treated in hot water. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) having four replications for each treatment were used to analyze the data of the study on the efficacy of seed treating methods in controlling seed-borne mycoflora mungbean seeds. The data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to find out the variation resulting from experimental treatments. Treatment means were compared by DMRT (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test).

Source of Information: Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 6(1): 115-121, 2007, ISSN 1682-3974.

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2007.115.121, URL: http://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ajps.2007.115.121

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Cream color bacterial colony infection was highest (3.50%) in control which that was statistically similar to treatment of Vitavax-200 at the rate of 0.5 g kg-1 (3.25%) and treatment of hot water at 45°C (3.25%). Cream color colony was totally eliminated at 55°C of hot water which was statistically identical to 53°C of hot water (0.50% infection). From this study, it was found that in controlling creamy color bacterial colony, the higher temperatures of hot water was more effective than the higher doses of Vitavax-200.

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