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Yield Performance and Grain Quality of Wheat Varieties Grown Under Rainfed and Irrigated Conditions

A.M.A. Kamal
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M.R. Islam
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

B.L.D. Chowdhury
Department of Biochemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M.A. Maleque Talukder
Deparment of Agricultural Extension, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A study was undertaken to evaluate the growth performance and grain quality of eight modern newely released wheat varieties grown under rainfed and irrigated conditions. Wheat varieties used in the experiment were aghrani, akbar, ananda, balaka, barkat, kanchan, pavon and sonalika. In irrigated condition, one flood irrigation was applied at 28 days of sowing to saturate the soil up to 15 cm depth. The wheat varieties differed significantly (P<0.05) with respect to plant height and 1000-grains weight, grain and straw yields, protein, amylose, ash and K contents in grains. The highest grain yield obtained in aghrani (2.16 t ha^-1) was statistically identical to those found in kanchan (2.08 t ha^-1), akbar (2.06 t ha^-1) and barkat (2.02 t ha^-1). The highest protein content was found in barkat (13.75%), which was followed by ananda (12.65%), akbar (12.55%), sonalika (12.5%), aghrani (12.35%) and kanchan (12.25%). Balaka had the lowest grain protein content (11.55%). The highest amylose content were found in barkat (24.4%) and was followed by balaka (24.25%), aghrani (23.6%), akbar (23.2%), ananda (23.05%) and kanchan (21.75%). Application of irrigation improved the plant characteristics like grain and straw yields, protein, amylose, P, K and S contents in grains compared to wheat grown under rainfed conditions. Among the eight varieties of wheat barkat, aghrani, akbar and kanchan are the promising varieties than the others with respect to grain and protein yields.

Keywords: Wheat, Rainfed, Irrigation, Grain yield, Protein, Amylose

Location: Agronomy Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-11-1994

End Date: 00-03-1995

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To determine yield performance and grain quality of eight recently released modern varieties of wheat

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during November 1994 to March 1995. The soil belonged to Sonatala soil series under the agro-ecological zone of Old Brahmaputra Floodplain. Texturally the soil was silt loam, having 6.64 pH, 1.83% organic matter, 14.8 meq 100 g^-1 CEC, 0.11% total N, 16.3 ppm available P, 0.27 meq 100 g^-1 exchangeable K and 13.7 ppm available S. Eight varieties of wheat viz. aghrani, akbar, ananda, balaka, barkat, kanchan, pavon and sonalika were used in the experiment. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with irrigation in the main plot and variety in the sub-plot. A space of 3 m with a deep drain in the middle was kept between irrigated and non-irrigated plots. In irrigated plots, one flood irrigation was applied at 28 days of sowing to saturate the soil up to 15 cm depth. The size of each unit plot was 5x2 m². The land was fertilized with 220 kg urea, 180 kg TSP, 50 kg MP, 120 kg gypsum and 10 kg zinc sulphate ha^-1. The wheat seeds were sown on 30 November, 1994 @ 120 kg ha^-1 continuously in lines at 20 cm apart. The crop was harvested at full maturity on 29 March, 1995. Data on yield components were collected from 10 randomly selected plants in each plot. After harvesting, the grain samples were collected plot wise, oven dried and ground. The samples were digested with HNO₃-HClO₄ mixture (10:1) for P, K and S determination. Estimation of protein was made following standard procedure. Protein yield was calculated by multiplying protein content and per hectare yield of grain. Amylose content also determined.

Source of Information: Asian Journal of Plant Sciences Volume 2, Number 3, 358-360, 2003, ISSN 1682-3974

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2003.358.360, URL: http://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ajps.2003.358.360

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the results of the experiment, it can be concluded that barkat, aghrani, akbar and kanchan were the most promising varieties than the others with respect to grain and protein yields. Application of irrigation improved the plant characteristics like grain and straw yields as well as qualitative characteristics of wheat compared to crops grown under rainfed conditions.

Knowledge Management: Journal