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Efficacy of Soil Application with Trichoderma Harzianum T22 and Some Selected Soil Amendments on Fusarium Wilt of Eggplant (solanum Melongena L.)

A.N. Faruq
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

M. T. Islam
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

M. Z. R. Bhuiyan
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Md. Mamun-ur-Rashid
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

M. R. Amin
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Sanzida Hoque
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Field experiments were carried out at the field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University farm during 2011-2012 cropping season to test the efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum T₂₂ and some selected soil amendments viz. poultry waste, coco-dust, vermi-compost, ash, saw-dust, khudepana (Azolla pinnata), cowdung and solarized sand against Fusarium wilt disease of eggplant. The treatments were applied in the soil at 15-30 days before transplanting. Wilt incidence was recorded from 55 DAT to 95 DAT. It was found that all the treatments appreciably reduced wilt incidence at different days after transplanting. In general, the wilt incidence was higher on control plot where no treatments were used. The most effective treatment was Trichoderma harzianum followed by poultry waste in terms of suppressing wilt incidence, increasing plant growth and fruit yield. Poultry waste and vermi-compost also showed promising performance against the disease. The applied treatments enhanced plant growth and increased fruit yield over untreated control. Poultry waste treated plot showed best growth performance and gave highest yield followed by vermi-compost, Trichoderma harzianum and coco-dust treated plot. A significant and positive correlation was existed between days after transplanting and wilt incidence.

Keywords: Eggplant,fusarium wilt, Soil amendments, Trichoderma harzianum

Location: Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka

Start Date: 00-00-2011

End Date: 00-00-2012

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Brinjal

Objectives:

To test the efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum T₂₂ and some selected soil amendments fusarium wilt disease of eggplant

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in a Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with three replications at the field of SAU (Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka) farm during 2011-2012 cropping season. Unit plot size was 3 x 1 m², maintaining a distance of 75 cm from plant to plant and 1 m from row to row. Eggplant variety BARI Begun 5 (Nayan Tara) was used for the experiment. Ten different treatments, viz. T₁= Soil application with Trichoderma harzianum; T₂= Soil application with poultry waste; T₃= Soil application with coco-dust; T₄= Soil application with vermicompost; T₅= Soil application with ash; T₆= Soil application with saw-dust; T₇= Soil application with khudepana (Azolla pinnata); T₈= Soil application with cow dung; T₉= Soil application with solarized sand; and T₁₀= Control (untreated) were assessed in the experiment. An effective isolate of Trichoderma harzianum T22 was used in this experiment. The antagonistic Trichoderma harzianum T₂₂ were mass multiplied in PDA media incubated at 25⁰C for 7-10 days. The fungal mat suspension was made by scraping the 10-15 days old culture substrate with the help of blender, and adjusted the concentration 10⁷ colony forming unit ml^-1 (cfuml-1). Then, soil of the specific plot was drenched with the fungal suspension @ 3 L plot^-1 with the help of compressed air hand sprayer after pulverized the soil to mix up fungal inoculums throughout the soil. Seed treatment with bio-agent was done by dipping the seeds in the fungal suspension for one hour. After treatment, the seeds were allowed to air dry for six hours. Soil amendments were applied on the seed bed followed by main field and left for 15-30 days for each case for proper decomposition, growing antagonistic microorganisms and developing suppressiveness. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae was grown on PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) medium at 25⁰C temperature. After sporulation (in about 15-20 days), 5 ml sterile water was added in each plate and the spore masses was scraped away with sterile needle / scalpel. The conidial suspension thus made with additional water was then blended in a Moulinex blender for 2 minutes in medium speed and filtered through sterile cheesecloth, adjusted the concentration 1.2 X 10⁷ conidia / ml solution. Then, inoculation done at the root zone of plant by drenching of spore suspension @ 250ml / plant with the help of compressed air hand sprayer following pulverized the soil to mix up the Fusarium oxysporum spores thoroughly to the soil. Inoculation was done at 30 days after transplanting (DAT). Data on incidence of wilts were recorded at 55, 65, 75, 85 and 95 days after transplanting (DAT). The percentage of disease incidence was calculated using the following formula:

Disease incidence (%) = Number of infected plants ÷ Number of total plants x 100

The growth and yield parameters were also taken under investigation. The data were analyzed statistically using the computer package program MSTAT. Treatments’ means were compared by DMRT (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test).

Source of Information: Applied Science Reports, 8 (2): 69-74; (2014)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the findings of the present investigation it can be concluded that Trichoderma harzianum, poultry waste and vermi-compost showed promising performance against wilt disease among the treatments tested in this investigation. These bio-fungicide and soil amendments could be used as an eco-friendly approach and may be advised to the farmer for profitable organic farming.

Knowledge Management: Journal