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Consequences of Salinity on Growth and Yield Performance of Rice (oryza Sativa L.)

Kh. Ashraf-Uz-Zaman
Assistant Professor
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207

Md. Abdul Halim
Assistant Professor
Department of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207

Md. Alam Hossain
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207

Md. Abdur Razzaque
Professor
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207

Sheikh Shawkat Zamil
Assistant Professor
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207

Fahima Khatun
Assistant Professor
Department of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207niversity, Dhaka 1207

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A pot culture experiment was conducted to determine salinity effect on growth and yield of rice during Aman season (June-December), 2010 at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka. Four cultivars (Sadamota, BRRI dhan40, Heera, Lalmota) and five salinity levels (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 dS m^-1) were imposed in the experiment. The tallest plants were found in Sadamota and Lalmota while shortest plants were obtained from Heera. But relative shoot dry weight and relative total dry matter were highest in Heera. Highest number of filled grains panicle^-1 (78.46), thousand grain weight (24.02 g) and grain yield (8.49 g hill^-1) were recorded in Heera and lowest thousand grain weight (15.78 g) and grain yield (6.72 g hill^-1) were recorded in BRRI dhan40. Plant height was highest at control salinity treatment and lowest in 12 dS m^-1 for every cultivar. Similar results were observed in case of relative root and shoot dry weight, relative total dry matter, number of effective tillers hill^-1, panicle length and number of filled grains panicle^-1 for each of the cultivars. Almost all parameters decreased with increasing salinity but this decreasing tendency was slower in Heera. Number of non-effective tillers hill^-1 and unfilled grains panicle^-1 increased with the increasing salinity level and the highest values were obtained from 12 dS m^-1 in BRRI dhan40. At highest level of salinity, significantly better thousand grain weight (21.46 g) and grain yield hill^-1 (2.01 g) were given by Heera while BRRI dhan40 was the most adversely affected one among others.

Keywords: Growth, Heera, Rice, Sadamota, Salinity

Location: Net house of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding and Laboratory of Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207

Start Date: 00-07-2010

End Date: 00-11-2010

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

i. To study the different growth parameters of four selected rice cultivars under different salinity levels, and
ii. To observe the yield performances of the selected rice cultivars under different saline conditions

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted under pot-culture at the net house of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding and Laboratory of Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207 during Aman season (2010). The experiment was set in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) having two factors with three replications. Factor one: Cultivar- 4 (V₁- Sadamota, V₂- BRRI dhan40, V₃- Heera and V₄- Lalmota), Factor two: Salinity level - 5 (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 dS m^-1). The four cultivars in combination with five salinity levels were randomly assigned to 60 experimental units/ pots. The different salinity levels were obtained by dissolving commercial salt (NaCl) at the rate of 640 mg per litre distilled water for 1 dS m^-1 salinity level. The control i.e. 0 was maintained using distilled water only. The soil was collected from farm and pulverized. Then inert materials, visible insect pest and plant propagules were removed. The soil was dried in the sun, crushed carefully and thoroughly mixed. Prior to germination seeds were surface sterilized with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution. The sterilized seeds were soaked with water for 24 hours, washed thoroughly in clean water, and incubated for sprouting, which were sown in the wet seed bed. Required amount of fertilizers were applied one day before sowing seeds in the seed bed. Five weeks old seedlings of selected rice cultivars were transplanted in the respective treatment pots. There were two hills in each pot. Two weeks after transplanting the salt solutions were applied in each pot according to the treatments. To avoid osmotic shock, salt solutions were added in three equal installments on alternate days until the expected conductivity was reached. The electrical conductivity (EC) of each pot was measured everyday with an EC meter and necessary adjustments were made by adding water. Data were collected on following parameters: plant height, number of effective and non-effective tillers hill^-1, root length and root dry weight hill^-1, shoot dry weight, total dry matter (TDM) hill^-1, panicle length, number of filled grain and unfilled grain panicle^-1, 1000-grain weight and grain yield hill^-1. Relative growth performance was calculated to evaluate the salt tolerance for each genotype by the following formula:

Relative growth data (%) = The data of salt treated plant of a cultivar ÷ The data of control treated plant of that cultivar × 100

The collected data were analyzed statistically following CRD design by MSTAT-C computer package programme. The treatment means were compared by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

Source of Information: International Journal of Business, Social and Scientific Research, Volume: 3, Issue: 4, p: 223-229, (2015)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It seems from the results that growth and yield of all four cultivars were adversely affected by salinity. Heera and Sadamota are the most tolerant rice cultivars to salinity among the four in the aspect of growth and yield parameters studied here. On the contrary, BRRI dhan40 is the most susceptible cultivar. Lalmota is not as susceptible as BRRI dhan40, but its agronomic properties are not good enough to be recommended to the farmers.

Knowledge Management: Journal