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Flower, Berry and True Potato Seed Productions in Potato Mother Plants (solanum Tuberosum L.). 1. Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers

Tuhin Suvra Roy
Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka -1207, Bangladesh

Takashi Nishizawa
Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, 997-8555, Japan

Mohammed Hazrat Ali
Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka -1207, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study was conducted to examine the effects of combinations of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on sexual reproductive characters of potato mother plants using a cross of ? MF-II and ? TPS-67. Sixteen treatment combinations consisting of each of 4 different levels of N (0, 150, 225 and 300 kg ha^-1) and P (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha^-1) were applied to MF-II. Both N and P had significant effects on the production of inflorescence and berries on TPS yield. Combined treatment with N and P also had significant effects on most of the parameters, except for the weight of large berries and number of TPS berry^-1. Out of the 16 treatment combinations, 150 kg N and 60 kg P ha^-1 produced the maximum number of berries plant^-1 (22.9), whereas 150 kg N and 120 kg P ha^-1 produced maximum berry yield (199.2 g) and 150 kg N and 180 kg P ha^-1 produced the highest mean berry weight (9.1 g). The highest 100-TPS weight (84.1 mg) was obtained with 300 kg N and 120 kg P ha^-1, while the highest TPS yield (136.1 kg ha^-1) was obtained with 225 kg N and 120 kg P ha^-1. The results of correlation analysis revealed that the yield of TPS was correlated more strongly with both the size and weight of berries and seeds than the number of berries plant^-1.

Keywords: Bery, Flower, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, True potato seed, Yield

Location: Experimental field, Tuber Crops Research Center (TCRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydevpur

Start Date: 00-00-2004

End Date: 00-00-2005

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Potato

Objectives:

The present study, an attempt has been made to determine the optimum combination of N and P fertilizers for the production of TPS.

Methodology:

This study was carried out during 2004-2005 at the experimental field of the Tuber Crops Research Center (TCRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydevpur, Bangladesh. The soil of the experimental plots was clay loam in texture, having pH 6.8 and containing 1.64% organic matter, 0.09% N, 0.0012% available P, 0.13 me% exchangeable K and 0.00124% available S content. The parental lines for the production of hybrid TPS were MF-II (Solanum tuberosum L.) and TPS-67 (Solanum andigena L.) as female and male parent, respectively, which were promising parental lines for the production of quality TPS in Bangladesh. On 28 October 2004, the experimental plots were fertilized at 260-120-12-6 kg of Muriate of potash (50% K)-Gypsum (18% S)-ZnSO₄ (36% Zn)-Borax (10.5% B) and 10 t farm yard manure ha^-1 (1.2% N, 0.5% P and 1.7% K), which are recommended rates of fertilizers for tuber production. Sixteen combinations of 4 different levels of N and P, respectively, i.e., 0 (N₀), 150 (N₁₅₀), 225 (N₂₂₅) and 300 (N₃₀₀) kg N ha^-1 and 0 (P₀), 60 (P₆₀), 120 (P₁₂₀) and 180 (P₁₈₀) kg P ha^-1, were applied in a split-plot design with 3 replications. Nitrogen was assigned to the main plots and P to sub-plots (Gomez and Gomez, 1984). Urea (45.6% N) and triple super phosphate (20% P) were used as sources of N and P, respectively. The entire quantity of P and one-third of N fertilizers were applied into furrows and incorporated into the soil 3 days before planting of the seed tubers. The remaining quantity of N fertilizer was applied in rows 10 to 15 cm apart from the female plants and at a depth of 4 to 5 cm in 4 installments at 10 day intervals starting from just before blooming (30 days after planting). On 1 November 2004, seed tubers of the female parent with uniform size (60-70 g) were planted with a spacing of 1.0x0.4 m in unit plots of 3.0x2.8 m. In contrast to standard procedures for growing potatoes, these plants were not ridged. Female plants were thinned soon after the emergence of 2 stems hill^-1. Male plants were planted in separate plots at least 7 days earlier than female plants to harmonize their flowering with that of the female plants. For 70 days from 15 November 2004 to 25 January 2005, the photoperiod was maintained at 14 h to induce profuse amounts of flowering and berry sets. Additional light was given by sodium-vapor lamps to provide a light intensity of 0.4-0.6 μE m^-2 sec^-1 at the plant surface and plants were irradiated from 7 days after emergence. Only 2 uniform stems plant^-1 were allowed to grow and first and second inflorescences stem^-1 were also allowed to develop for the pollination (6 buds inflorescence^-1) because the best quality TPS is produced from primary and secondary inflorescences. At 35 to 40 DAP, pollen was collected from male plants and female parents were hand pollinated in the morning (9.00-11.00 am). Berries were harvested 5 to 6 weeks after pollination, when they just started to ripen. Berries from 5 plants in the middle row of each plot were collected in net bags and stored for 7 to 10 days at room temperature to induce after-ripening. Berries were then classified into 3 sizes, i.e., large: >10 g, medium: 10-5 g and small: < 5 g. Well ripened soft berries were crushed mechanically, allowed to ferment for 24 h at room temperature, then washed under running tap water through a 0.5 mm mesh strainer. The collected seeds were treated with 10% HCl for 20 min with continuous stirring and then washed well with tap water. The seeds were then treated with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution for 10 min and finally washed 3 to 4 times with distilled water. The seeds were dried at room temperature until the moisture content was reduced to about 7% and then stored in a desiccator for 15 days for further reduction of the moisture content to 4-4.5%. Thereafter, the seeds were weighed. The number of TPS berry^-1 was counted and 100-TPS weight was recorded. The analyses of variance were carried out using MSTAT-C statistical software. Means were compared using the Least Significant Differences (LSDs) test at the 5% probability level.

Source of Information: Journal of Agronomy, 6: 106-112, 2007; ISSN 1680-8207

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.3923/ja.2007.106.112; URL: http://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ja.2007.106.112

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In conclusion, the combination of 300 kg N and 120 kg P ha^-1 should be used to obtain the highest 100-TPS weight, while 225 kg N and 120 kg P ha^-1 should be used to obtain the highest TPS yield.

Knowledge Management: Journal