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Effects of Planting Times and Plant Densities of Top-shoot Cuttings on Multiplication of Breeder Seed Potato

Md. Abdullah Al Mamun
Department of Agriculture Extension, Gangachara, Rangpur, Bangladesh

Abdullah Al-Mahmud
Tuber Crops Research Sub-Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Sheujgari, Bogra 5800, Bangladesh

Mohammad Zakaria
Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. Mofazzal Hossain
Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Md. Tofazzal Hossain
Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Top-shoot cuttings were planted with the whole tuber (as a control) at different dates using three spacings at the Horticultural Research Farm of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University to evaluate the performance of top-shoots as planting material and to determine the optimum time of planting and the optimum spacing for top-shoot cuttings as planting material for breeder seed production. The survival of top shoot cuttings was more than 97.8% irrespective of the planting time and plant spacing. Significant variations were found among the treatment combinations for plant height at 45 and 60 days after planting (DAP), foliage coverage at 45 and 60 DAP, number of branches per plant, number of tubers per plant, individual tuber weight, tuber yields per plant and per hectare yield. The highest mean yield (46.57 t/ha) was produced by whole tubers planted on 10 November with 50 x 10 cm spacing which was similar to whole tubers planted on 1 November with 50 x 10 cm spacing. On the other hand, plants from top-shoot cuttings yielded 34.82 t/ha in T₃S₂ followed by T₁S₁ (33.34 t/ha), T₃S₃ (30.70 t/ha). The total yield of potato increased 122.8% from a single, early crop due to taking two repeated cuttings compared with 89.6% from a single late crop. Early planting of top-shoot cuttings with closer spacing (50 x 10 cm and 50 x 15 cm) is recommended for the multiplication of breeder seed potato.

Keywords: Plant density, Potato, Breeder seed, Top shoot cutting

Location: Horticultural Research Farm of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-11-2011

End Date: 00-04-2012

Program Area: Seed Technology

Commodity: Potato

Objectives:

To determine the optimum time of planting and the optimum spacing for top-shoot cuttings as planting material for breeder seed production

Methodology:

Top-shoot cuttings were evaluated, as planting material, under different planting times and spacings for rapid multiplication of potato at Bangabandhu Sheikh Muijubur Rahman Agricultural University during winter 2011. Top-shoot cuttings of the standard potato variety Diamant were used in the experiment. The breeder seed tuber was collected from TCRC, BARI, Joydebpur. Whole tubers were used as the control. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with two factors (planting time and spacing) and three replications. The plot size was 1.50 x 1.20 m. Planting times were: T₁ = whole tuber planting on 1 November (Control1), T₂ = whole tuber planting on 1 November; T₃ = first cutting (from T₂) planted on 25 November; T₄ = second cutting (from T₂) planted on 5 December; T₅ = whole tuber planted on 10 November (Control2); T₆ = whole tuber planted on 10 November; T₇ = first cutting (from T₆) planted on 5 December and T8 = second cutting (from T₆) planted on 15 December. Three spacings - S₁ (50 x 10 cm), S₂(50 x 15 cm) and S₃ (50 x 20 cm) were used for each treatment. The seed tubers were kept in a well-ventilated room and allowed to sprout under light (at night) to obtain healthy, green sprouts prior to planting. It required 8-10 d for sprouting. The sprouted tubers were planted on 1 November (T₁ and T₂) and 10 November (T₅ and T₆). T₁ and T₅ were treated as controls for producing normal crops. T₂ and T₆ were used as sources of top-shoot cuttings. The first top-shoot cuttings with at least two nodes were taken from T₂ at 25 days after planting (DAP) and were used as planting material for T₃. Second cuttings were taken from T₂ at 10 d after first cutting and were used as planting material for T₄. Cuttings were taken using a slant cut with a sharp blade and the cut end was immersed in water immediately. Then, the shoot cuttings were planted in the main plot after being treated with rooting hormone (napthalene acetic acid at 16 parts per million). Before planting the shoot cuttings in the experimental plots, the plots were irrigated properly so that when the cut portion was in contact with the soil it could absorb moisture. Similarly, top-shoot cuttings were taken from T₆ and were used as planting material for T₇ and T₈ on 5 December and 15 December, respectively. Full doses of cow dung (10 t/ha), triple superphosphate (220 kg/ha), muriate of potatsh (270 kg/ha), gypsum (120 kg/ha), boric acid (6 kg/ha) and a half dose of urea (175 kg/ha) were applied at final land preparation. The remaining half dose of urea (175 kg/ha) was applied as top dressing at 30 DAP followed by earthing-up and light irrigation. The ridge method was used for whole tuber planting (T₁, T₂, T₅ and T₆ treatments). Healthy cuttings were used as top-shoot cuttings and were planted in a well-watered flat bed. After establishment of the shoot cuttings, a ridge was made by earthing-up the sides. Intercultural operations such as weeding and earthing-up were done manually. After spading the soil between the rows, weeds were removed. Earthing-up was done twice during the growing period. The first earthing-up was done at 30 DAP when the plants had attained a height of about 15-20 cm from the base; the second was 20 d after the first earthing-up. Before the first earthing-up, urea was applied. Irrigation was applied five times. The first irrigation was applied at 2 week after planting, the second just after earthing-up (30 DAP), the third at 45 DAP, the fourth at 60 DAP and the last at 75 DAP. During land preparation, Furadan 5G (10 kg/ha) was applied basally during land preparation and Malathion (0.2%) was sprayed in two installments at 45 and 60 DAP to control insects. The crops were also sprayed with Dithane-M 45 (0.2%) and Secure (0.1%) alternately five times (at 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 DAP, respectively) to prevent late blight infection of potato. Haulm pulling was done at 80 DAP in every treatment. Hardening of tubers and setting up of the skin of tubers were allowed for 10 d under the soil; thereafter the crop was harvested at 90 DAP. During the growing period, the maximum and minimum temperature was recorded. Data on different plant and yield contributing characters were recorded and were analyzed statistically using the computer package MSTATC (developed by the Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA). Significance between treatments and interactions was tested using Duncan's multiple range test at the p < 0.05 level.

Source of Information: Agriculture and Natural Resources (2016)

Article Link (Online Journal): http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anres.2014.08.001

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Early planting of top-shoot cuttings with closer spacing (50 x 10 cm and 50 x 15 cm) is recommended for the multiplication of breeder seed potato.

Knowledge Management: Journal