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Antibacterial and Phytochemical Evaluation of Three Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh

Farhana Alam Ripa
Senior Lecturer
Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh

Laizuman Nahar
Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh

Abul Fazal
Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Banani, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh

Ms. Hajera Khatun
Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study was carried out to illustrate the relative evaluation of phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of leaves of Eclipta alba and Aphanamixis polystachya and bark of Premna integrifolia in two different solvents. A preliminary phytochemical analysis was done and concluded that the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and glycoside in both extracts of the above plants. The antimicrobial activity was tested using disc diffusion method against eight pathogenic bacteria using Kanamycin as antibiotic standards. The outcome showed that the antibacterial activity was effective in chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of tested extracts. The MIC was determined in two different solvents of both extracts and observed that chloroform and ethyl acetate possess minimum inhibition in both extracts. From the current investigation, it could be concluded that, Eclipta alba, Aphanamixis polystachya and Premna integrifolia crudeextracts have quite effective antimicrobial activity and potent phytochemical constituents.

Keywords: Eclipta alba, Aphanamixis polystachya, Premna integrifolia, Medicinal plants

Location: BRAC Plant Biotechnology Laboratory,

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Medicinal Plants

Objectives:

To evaluate Antibacterial activity and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of chloroform and ethyl acetate extract of leaf of Eclipta alba, leaf of Aphanamixis polystachya and bark of Premna integrifolia against some pathogenic Gram positive and Gram negative organisms.

Methodology:

The selected 3 plant materials used in this study were collected from various locations in Bangladesh and identified at BRAC Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Bangladesh.The plants parts were first washed with water to remove adhering dirt & then cut into small pieces, sun dried for 4 days & finally dried at 45°C for 36 hrs in an electric oven. After complete drying, the entire portions were pulverized into a coarse powder with the help of a grinding machine & were stored in an airtight container for further use. The phytochemical analysis of the extracts was carried out by the standard methods provided by Odebiyi and Ramstard (1978). The test microorganisms used in this study were eight Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Sarcina lutea, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Vibrio parahemolyticus and Shigella dysenteriae. The microorganisms were collected as pure cultures from the Institute of Nutrition and Food Science (INFS), University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The bacterial isolates were first subcultured in a nutrient agar and incubated at 37°C for 18 h. The antibacterial assay was performed by disc diffusion technique. Disc diffusion technique is highly effective for rapidly growing microorganisms. The sample solution of the material to be tested was prepared by dissolving a definite amount of material in appropriate solvent to attain a concentration of 50mg/ml. 10 μl of such solution was applied on sterile disc (5mm diameter, filter paper) and allowed to dry off the solvent in an aseptic hood. Thus, such discs contain 500 μg of crude extracts Standard antibiotic discs (Kanamycin 30μg disc^-1) and blank discs (impregnated with solvents) were used as a positive and negative control.).The Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICS) of all the experimental crude plant extracts of Eclipta alba, Aphanamixis polystachya and Premna integrifolia against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Sarcina lutea, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Vibrio parahemolyticus and Shigella dysenteriae were determined by using different concentrations(64-512μg/ml). The sample solutions of all the extracts were prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in such a way that the solutions had a concentration of l mg/ml. In this technique a large no of sterilized test tubes were used and each of the test tube was filled with l ml of sterile nutrient broth media and graded doses of sample solution was added. Then these test tubes were inoculated with said organisms (inoculum contains cell/nil) followed by incubated at 37°C for 24 hours to allow growth of the bacteria used. Inhibition of growth observed in that test tube (the solution content was clear) which has lowest or minimum concentration of extract and above of which no growth observed too. This lowest or minimum concentration was considered as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Another three test tubes containing medium, medium plus sample and medium plus inoculum were used as control. Bacterial growth observed only in test tube (solution content was cloudy) containing medium plus inoculum and the other two were clear that means no growth occurred.

Source of Information: International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 2012; Vol. 3(3): 788-792, ISSN: 0975-8232

Article Link (Online Journal): http://ijpsr.com/bft-article/antibacterial-and-phytochemical-evaluation-of-three-medicinal-plants-of-bangladesh/

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The outcome of the study showed that, the antibacterial activity was effective in chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of tested extracts. The MIC was determined in two different solvents of both extracts and observed that chloroform and ethyl acetate possess minimum inhibition in both extracts. Irrespective of the plants parts and methods of extraction (chloroform and ethyl acetate), a dosage of between 500 μg exhibited appreciable inhibitory values on the tested bacterial species. From the current investigation, it could be concluded that, Eclipta alba, Aphanamixis polystachya and Premna integrifolia crude extracts have quite effective antimicrobial activity and potent phytochemical constituents.

Knowledge Management: Journal