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Tuber Yield, Tuber Quality and Plant Water Status of Potato Under Drought and Well Watered Condition

Abullah-Al-Mahmud
International Potato Center, Bangladesh

Mohammad Hossain
International Potato Center, Bangladesh

Md. Mahfuz Bazzaz
Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Rajbari, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Md. Shawquat Ali Khan
Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Md. Altaf Hossain
Tuber Crops Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M.S. Kadian
International Potato Center, New Delhi, India

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Four CIP potato clones with one check variety Asterix were grown during 2010-11 and 2011-12 at horticulture research farm of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University to observe the effect of water stress on yield and tuber quality of potato. The present study revealed that the tuber yields of all the genotypes were reduced by different degrees of drought. Genotype CIP 393371.58 and CIP 396244.12 performed better in severe drought condition produced higher yield per plant. The highest percent of small sized and deformed tuber was found in the CIP 391004.18 and Asterix under severe drought condition, whereas the normal sized tuber was found in CIP 396244.12 and CIP 393371.58. These two genotypes also maintained more relative water content (RWC) with higher xylem exudation rate under water stress condition than the susceptible genotypes. On the basis of tuber yield and plant water status under drought condition, the genotypes CIP 393371.58 and CIP 396244.12 could be drought tolerant.

Keywords: Drought susceptibility index, Relative water content, Xylem exudation rate, Spad value

Location: Horticultural Research Farm, BSMRAU, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-11-2010

End Date: 00-03-2012

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Potato

Objectives:

To determine effects of severe and moderate drought on plant water status and tuber yield of potato

Methodology:

Site and Season of the Experiment: The experiment was conducted at the Horticultural Research Farm, BSMRAU, Gazipur, Bangladesh during winter season of 2010-11 and 2011-2012. The experimental site is situated in a sub- tropical climate zone and characterized by no rainfall during December to March and plenty during the rest of the year and this area is moderately drought prone, and face drought both winter and late winter season. Air temperature and humidity, precipitation, evaporation, soil temperature and ground water table were recorded
throughout the crop period.Planting materials, date of planting and Crop management: Four CIP clones (CIP 391004.18, CIP 393371.58, CIP 396031.119 and CIP 396244.12) and high yielding variety Asterix were used in this experiment. Apparently diseases free, uniform (28-40 mm) sized well sprouted potato were selected as planting material for the experiment. Seed tubers were planted on 25th November, 2010 and 17th November, 2011. Plant spacing was 60 x 25 cm. Fertilizers were applied @ 160-44-132-15 kg ha^-1 of N, P, K and S, respectively. Full amount of P, K and S and 50% of N were applied as basal and the remaining amount of urea was top dressed at 30 days after planting. Intercultural operations such as weeding, earthing up were done manually. Effective crop protection measures were taken. Design and treatments of the experiment: The experiment was laid out in the field following strip plot design with three replications. Three drought treatments were applied (T₁= severe drought and T2=moderate drought and T₃= well-irrigated control). In severe drought plots, only one irrigation was applied at 30 DAP for good crop stand, but no irrigation was applied thereafter until harvest. In moderate drought plot, irrigation was applied twice at 30 and 45 DAP, but no water was applied thereafter till harvest. The control plot was irrigated four times at 30, 45, 60 and 75 DAP. Harvesting and data collection: Selected plants were harvested at 90 DAP. Data were collected on i) Tuber yield (g/plant), ii) % tuber grades (by number) from randomly selected 10 plants. Measurement of plant water status: Relative water content of leaves for each genotype was measured at 60 DAP at 8:00 am. Fully developed 4th and 5th leaf from the top were used for RWC measurement. Relative water content was calculated. Xylem exudation rate was measured at 60 DAP stage 8:00 am in the morning 5cm above stem base. At first, dry cotton was weighed. A slanting cut on stem was made with a sharp knife. Then the weighed cotton was placed on the cut surface. The exudation of sap was collected from the stem for 1 h at normal temperature. The final weight of the cotton with sap was taken. The exudation rate was calculated by deducting cotton weight from the sap containing cotton weight and expressed per h basis as follows:

Xylem exudation rate = [(Weight of cotton + sap) – (Weight of cotton)] / Time (h)

Statistical analysis
Data on different attributes recorded for two years were analyzed by ‘CROSTAT 7.2’ statistical package. Appropriate standard errors (S.E.) of the means were also calculated.

Source of Information: Global Journal of Science Frontier Research (D) Volume XIV, Issue X, Version I (102), (2014)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. CGIAR

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Tuber yield and grades were seriously affected by drought. The lowest reduction in tuber yield was found in genotypes (CIP 396244.12 and CIP 393371.58). Small sized and deformed tubers were higher under severe drought condition in the genotypes CIP 391004.18 and Asterix, whereas the highest percent of normal sized tubers was found in the genotypes CIP 396244.12 and CIP 393371.58. These two genotypes maintained more RWC with higher xylem exudation rate and higher SPAD values under water stress condition than others which indicated the capacity of the genotypes to thrive well in the water deficit environment.

Knowledge Management: Journal