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Phylogenetic Relationship of Different Kakrol Collections of Bangladesh

A. Mondal
Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh

G.P. Ghosh
Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh

M.I. Zuberi
Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Collections of two different types of wild kakrol and cultivated kakrol were grown in the experimental field, described and identified. The two wild kakrol types were detected as Momordica dioica (small fruit type) and M. cochinchinensis (big fruit type), while the cultivated type was found to posses similarities and dissimilarities with both the types. Genetic analysis indicated that the cultivated kakrol as completely isolated from both the wild kakrol species. The big fruited M. cochinchinensis is phylogenetically more different than M. dioica from cultivated kakrol. Both pre-and post-zygotic isolation has been indicated. However, cultivated kakrol and M. dioica proved to be isolated more by post-zygotic mechanisms. The hybrids could be recovered at a low rate which were sterile and failed to reproduce successfully. The cultivated kakrol this proposed a separate status. The name Momordica hybrida has been proposed, as the cultivated kakrol has traits common to both the wild types, seemed to be an amphidiploid arising from M. dioica and M. cochinchinensis. Morphological characters of the cultivated type are common to both of the species: Cochinchinensis and Dioica. Large leaf, white flower, eye spot at petal, base, gland absent in leaves, position of bract, cylindrical fruits, grey-black sculptured seed length of petiole, 2-fid filament, fruit size. The sterility of the progeny from crosses supported this view in that two wild kakrol types are diploid and the cultivated kakrol derived tetraploid. The scope of tissue culture in rescuing the hybrid embryos gave somewhat negative result. The wild kakrol types were observed to set fruits and seeds normally in nature. The cultivated kakrol flowers lack pollinations and need artificial pollen transfer. The presence of pollinator guides as bright spots near the petal base suggest possibility of origin at a stable insect pollinator.

Keywords: Momordica , Hybridization , Kakrol

Location: Botanical Garden of Rajshahi University.

Start Date: 00-00-2001

End Date: 00-00-2002

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Teasle Gourd

Objectives:

To understand reproductive biology and to find out inter relationship between various collections of teasle gourd (Momordica dioica Roxb.)
To recommend measures for improving quality and production

Methodology:

The materials consisted of seven female and five male plants of small kakrol (root tuberous), collected from wild populations at North Western district of Chapai Nawabganj in Bangladesh during 2001 and 2002. Local farmers and village people reported that the plant was locally known as Bon-kakrol (wild kakrol). The fruits used as a vegetable by poor women folk. Six female and one male plants of cultivated kakrol (root chain tuberous) were also collected from Brahmanbaria and used. Further, seeds of large wild kakrol were collected from Bagerhat in Bangladesh during the winter season of 2002. During the summer of 2003, the parents as well as seeds obtained from crosses between these were grown in the Botanical Garden of Rajshahi University. The tuberous of small wild and cultivated kakrol genotypes were planted in pots, containing a soil medium of sand and decomposed cow dung of equal proportion during 2002. The tuberous roots began to sprout within. 4-12 days after planting. Seeds of big wild kakrol were also planted in earthen pots. The seedlings were transplanted in. the field after hardening. Kakrol is a dioecious plant, so there was no need for emasculation. All the selected male and female flowers to be used for pollination were bagged. Pollen transfer was made by taking the male flower to the female plants and by rubbing the dehisced other to the stigma of the female flower. After pollen transfer, the female flower was labeled and bagged. The various morphological, floral, fruit and seed characters were recorded from the flowering plants and mature fruits/seeds. The characters scored were: vine characters, leaf characters, fruit and seed measurements, length, weight of fruits and seed germination. The technique of somatic regeneration from callus through tissue culture was attempted to rescue embryo from hybrids and to establish a protocol for rapid generation and standard media were adopted. The collected data were analyzed following standard bio-statistical techniques.

Source of Information: Pakistan Journal of Biological Science 9(8):1516-1524, 2006

Article Link (Online Journal): http://docsdrive.com/pdfs/ansinet/pjbs/2006/1516-1524.pdf

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The result of the present study indicated that, hybridization between types has very low potential in improving the crop. Collection of cultivated kakrol indicated appreciable variability and this variability could be exploited. The pollination is another problem which also proved to be difficult to solve. The small wild kakrol flowers at night was observed to be pollinated by nocturnal moths. Thus the prospect of cultivated kakrol being pollinated by an insect pollinator during day time needs extensive search and co adaptation of the plant and pollinating animal species. As the flowers were equipped with pollinator guides in the form of spots at the base of petals, this seemed to be realistic. The prospect of micro-propagation through tissue culture had definite merit in this regard. The economics of the prospect, however, requires demonstration. Patronization from commercial cultivators willing to utilize this technology might be effective and highly required.

Knowledge Management: Journal