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Yield, Protein and Starch Content of Twenty Wheat (triticum Aestivum L.) Genotypes Exposed to High Temperature Under Late Sowing Conditions

M. A. Hakim
Wheat Research Center, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

A. Hossain
Wheat Research Center, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva
Faculty of Agriculture and Graduate School of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe, Miki-cho, 761-0795, Japan

V. P. Zvolinsky
The Caspian Scientific Research Institute of Arid Agriculture, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 416251 Astrakhan, Chernoyarsky district, Salt Zaymishche, Russia

M. M. Khan
British American Tobacco, Rangpur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A total of 20 spring wheat genotypes were evaluated under three growing conditions (optimum, late and very late) at the research farm of the Wheat Research Center, Bangladesh to assess the variation in grain yield, protein and starch content under heat stress. All genotypes were significantly affected by high temperature stress in late and very late sowing conditions, resulting in a decrease in days to heading and maturity, ultimately affecting yield, protein and starch content. Considering yield performance, genotype ‘E-8’ was best under optimum (6245 kg ha^-1), late (5220 kg ha^-1) and very late sowing (4657 kg ha^-1) conditions while ‘E-40’ was the worst. With respect to yield reduction, genotype ‘E-72’ was heat-tolerant (13% yield reduction) while ‘Prodip’ (49% yield reduction) was heat susceptible. On the other hand, it was found that the percentage protein increased as heat stress increased. Under heat stress, genotype ‘E-65’ and ‘E-60’ had the highest and lowest protein content (15.5% and 12%), respectively. With respect to starch content, ‘Prodip’ and ‘E-37’ had the highest while ‘E-14’ and ‘E-72’ had the lowest content (64.8% vs. 62.9%), respectively in all sowing conditions.

Keywords: Yield, Protein, Starch, Wheat.

Location: Wheat Research Center, BARI, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-11-2010

End Date: 00-04-2011

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To determine the performance of heat-tolerant and -sensitive genotypes from twenty recommended wheat genotypes under heat stress by evaluating their yield, protein and starch content

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out during the 2010-11 wheat season in a research field of the Wheat Research Center, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. The area falls under the Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain designated as Agro Ecological Zone-1. The geographical position of the area is between 25°38′ N, 88°41′ E and 38.20 m above sea level. The soil is sandy-loam, strongly acidic (pH = 4.5-5.5) and organic matter content is about 1.0%. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. The main plots were assigned by sowing dates viz., optimum sowing date (15 November) (OSD), late sowing date (25 December) (LSD) and very late sowing date (15 January) (VLSD). The sub-plots were assigned to 20 genotypes: 3 existing varieties (‘Shatabdi’, ‘Prodip’ and BARI Gom-26) and 17 candidate varieties (‘E-6’, ‘E-8’, ‘E-10’, ‘E-14’, ‘E-19’, ‘E36’, ‘E-37’, ‘E-40’, ‘E-42’, ‘E-60’, ‘E-61’, ‘E-65’, ‘E-67’, ‘E-68’, ‘E-69’, ‘E-71’ and ‘E-72’). The size of a unit plot was 2.5 m long with 6 rows and with a 20 cm and 40 cm space between rows and entries, respectively. Seeds were treated with Provax-200WP, an effective Carboxin and Thiram-containing seed-targeted fungicide. Seeds were sown at 120 kg ha^-1 in lines 20 cm apart. Fertilizer was applied at 100-27-40-20-1 kg ha^-1 of N-P-K-S-B, respectively. Half of the total nitrogen and other fertilizers were applied during final soil preparation, and the other half was applied immediately after first irrigation. Plants were irrigated at crown root initiation (20 days after sowing (DAS)}, booting (55 DAS) and grain-filling stages (75 DAS). Intercultural operations were performed when required and the crop was harvested plot wise at full maturity while sample plants were harvested separately. The harvested crop of each plot was bundled separately, tagged and threshed on a threshing floor after fully drying the bundles in bright sunshine and weighing them. Data on days to heading (DH), days to maturity (DM), number of spikes m^-2 (NS), number of grains spike^-1 (NGS), 1000-grain weight (g) (1000-GW), grain yield (kg ha^-1) (GY), as well as protein and starch percentage were recorded. 1000-GW and GY were adjusted at 12% moisture. Protein and
starch contents were determined following AOAC methods [12]: Protein by the Kjeldahl method and starch by the Weende method. Data were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance using MSTAT-C. Treatment means were compared for significance by using the LSD test at α = 5%. Daily weather data was recorded during the growing season and weekly averages were calculated

Source of Information: Journal of Scientific Research; 4 (2): 477-489, (2012)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

All wheat genotypes sown at LSD or VLSD were significantly affected by high temperature stress, resulting in a reduction in days to heading and maturity, ultimately affecting yield and yield-related components, protein and starch percent. Compared to all genotypes, ‘E-72’ was highly tolerant to heat stress (13% reduction in yield) while ‘Prodip’ was highly susceptible to more extreme heat stress (49% reduction in yield). Considering the quality (protein and starch %) of all genotypes, it was noticed that in heat stress conditions (LSD, VLSD) % protein content increased in all genotypes. Among these, ‘E-65’ (15.5%) had the highest while ‘E-60’ (12%) showed the lowest protein (%) content in VLSD, while for starch, ‘E-60’ (65.2%) had the highest while ‘E-72’ (62.9%) had the lowest content in all sowing conditions.

Knowledge Management: Journal