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Effects of Water Stress on Morpho-phenological Changes in Wheat Genotypes

Md. Mahfuz Bazzaz
Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Rajbari, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Abullah-Al-Mahmud
Tuber Crops Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Md. Shawquat Ali Khan
Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted with eleven wheat genotyps at the research field of Agronomy Department of the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University from November 2011 to March 2012 to know the morpho- phenological changes in wheat and to identify water stress tolerant wheat genotypes. The experiment was carried out in a split-plot design comprising two water regimes in main plot and eleven wheat genotypes (BARI Wheat 25, BARI Wheat 26, Sourav, BAW 1157, BAW 1158, BAW 1159, BAW 1161, BAW 1165, BAW 1167, BAW 1169 and BAW 1170) were placed randomly in sub-plot with three replications. Water deficit condition caused an overall reduction in morphological and phenological attributes. The maximum reduction in plant height, peduncle length, flag leaf length and flag leaf area was by 25, 39, 27 and 57% in the genotypes BAW 1167, BAW 1167, BAW 1157 and BAW 1170, respectively under water deficit condition. The highest reduction in root volume and root dry weight was recorded in the genotype BAW 1167, while the lowest in BARI Wheat 26 and BAW 1169. The highest decrease in days to heading, days to physiological maturity and grain filling duration was noted in BAW 1167 and the lowest in BAW 1169, Sourav and BARI Wheat 26. The maximum number of days for grain filling was recorded in the genotype BARI Wheat 26, Sourav and BAW 1169, while the minimum in BAW 1167. From this experiment, it was concluded that the genotypes BARI Wheat 26 and BAW 1169 are water deficit tolerant and BAW 1167 is susceptible.

Keywords: Wheat genotypes, Morpho-phenological changes, Water stress

Location: Research field of the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Salna, Gazipur

Start Date: 31-10-2011

End Date: 29-02-2012

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To investigate the morpho-phenological changes in wheat and to identify water stress tolerant wheat genotypes

Methodology:

Experimental site, soil and climate: The experiment was carried out at the research field of the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Salna, Gazipur from November, 2011 to March, 2012 on an upland soil. It is located at the center of Madhupur Tract (240 05¢ North latitude and 90016¢ East longitude) at an elevation of 8.4 m above the sea level. The soil of the experimental field belongs to Salna series of Shallow Red-Brown Terrace soil type (AEZ 28) with silty clay texture in surface and silty clay loam in sub-surface region of the soil . The experimental site is situated in the sub-tropical region characterized by heavy rainfall during the months from July to September and scanty or no rainfall in the rest of the year. Test crop: Eleven wheat genotypes including most of the popular varieties, some advanced lines and some lines from abroad collected from Wheat Research Centre of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Nashipur, Dinajpur, Bangladesh were used in the present study. Land preparation: The land was well prepared by repeated ploughing and cross-ploughing with a power tiller followed by laddering for breaking the clods, leveling the lands and collecting the stubbles. The individual plots were prepared by making ridges (8-10 cm high) around the each plot to restrict the lateral run off of fertilizer with irrigation water. Experimental design and treatments: The experiment was carried out in a split-plot design comprising two water regimes in main plot and 11 wheat genotypes selected from previous experiment were placed randomly in sub-plot with three replications. The water regimes were (1) Non-stress (four irrigations were applied at crown root initiation, booting, anthesis and grain filling stages), and (2) Water stress (irrigation was stopped after crown root initiation stage i.e. 20 days after sowing and the crop was protected from rainfall by rainout shelter). The nine water deficit tolerance (BARI Gom 26, Sourav, BAW 1157, BAW 1158, BAW 1159, BAW 1161, BAW 1165, BAW 1169 and BAW 1170) and two susceptible (BARI Gom 25 and BAW 1167) wheat genotypes based on yield reduction were selected for the present experiment. The unit plot size was consisted of 6 rows each of 2.5 m long having a row to row distance of 20 cm. Sowing of seeds, fertilizer application and intercultural operation: Wheat seeds at the rate of 120 kg ha^-1 were sown in line by hand on November 24, 2011. Seeds were placed continuously in lines by making narrow and shallow furrows with iron rod and covered with soil by hand. After sowing of seeds light irrigation was given to ensure uniform germination of seeds. Fertilizers were applied @ 100-60-40-20-1 kg ha^-1N-P₂O₅-K₂O-S in the form of urea, triple super phosphate, muriate of potash and gypsum, respectively. Two-third of urea and total amount of other fertilizers were applied during final land preparation. The rest amount of urea was top dressed at crown root initiation stage (20 days after sowing) followed by first irrigation. Intercultural operations were done uniformly in each plot to ensure normal growth of the crop. Weeding and mulching were done simultaneously in the experimental plot for two times, firstly at 15 days after sowing (DAS) and secondly, at 35 DAS. Thinning was also done at 14 DAS. Data Collection: The data related to morphological and phenological parameters were recorded. Morphological Parameters: Plant height was recorded from the average of ten selected plants at maturity stage. Plant height (cm) was measured by a meter scale from soil surface to the tip of the spike excluding awns and averaged. Leaf area of the fully expanded flag leaf was collected from five selected plants at anthesis stage and measured in square centimeters using a calibrated automatic leaf area meter (Delta-T Devices Ltd., Burwell Cambs, UK). Then the measured data were expressed as means of three replications. The peduncle length of five main tillers was recorded by meter scale from the top joint up to the base of the spike in cm. At harvest, three replicated plants per treatment were used to measure the root volume and root dry weight. The roots were collected from a depth of 0-20 cm and carefully cleaned with running tap water. The root volume was determined volumetrically with the help of a 100 ml measuring cylinder. The cylinder was filled up with 50 ml of tap water and then the total roots of a plant immersed into the water. The raised level of water due to immersion of the roots was recorded. The difference between final and initial volume was considered as root volume. Finally the root dry weight was measured after the samples were oven dried at 70^oC for 72 hours. Phenological attributes: Days to heading was recorded by counting the number of days from the date of sowing till when 80% heads (eye estimation) were found completely visible in each row of the plot. Days to physiological maturity were calculated from sowing to the day when the peduncle and the spike on the tagged main stem became completely yellow. Grain filling duration was calculated by the number of days from heading to physiological maturity during the growing season for each genotype. Statistical analysis: The data were analyzed by MSTAT-C statistical package program. The difference between the treatments means were compared by least significant difference (LSD) test. Functional relationships among different parameters as affected by water deficit stress were established through correlation and regression analysis by using Excel program.

Source of Information: Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, Volume XIV, Issue X, Version I, 94; (2014)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results of this study indicated that all the parameters in morpho-phenology of eleven wheat genotypes reduced remarkably under water stress condition. The highest reduction in plant height, peduncle length, flag leaf length and flag leaf area was by 25% in BAW 1167, 39% in BAW 1167, 27% in BAW 1157 and 57% in BAW 1170 and the lowest reduction was by 8% in Sourav, respectively under water stress condition. The highest reduction in root volume and root dry weight under water deficit was recorded in the genotype BAW 1167, while the lowest in BARI Gom 26 and BAW 1169. The maximum number of days for grain filling under water stress condition was recorded in the genotype BARI Gom 26 which was at par with Sourav and BAW 1169, while the minimum in the genotype BAW 1167. From this experiment, it was concluded that the genotypes BARI Gom 26 and BAW 1169 are water stress tolerant and BAW 1167 is susceptible.

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