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Aquaculture Drugs Used for Fish and Shellfish Health Management in the Southwestern Bangladesh

Mir Mohammad Ali
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh.

Md. Aowsafur Rahman
Department of Fisheries, Bangladesh.

M. Belal Hossain
Biology Group, Faculty of Science, University Bunei Darussalam, gadong- BE 1410, Brunei.

Md. Zillur Rahman
Department of Fisheries, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Aquaculture though a fast-growing food production sector, however, intensification of aquaculture had led to increasing use of various drugs and chemicals which are detrimental to aquatic ecosystems as well for the consumers.The present study was carried out to know the existing situation of different aquaculture drugs being used in fish and shellfish health management in aquaculture activities. Data were collected through questionnaire interview, personal contact, market survey and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) like Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with fish and shellfish hatchery owners, nursery and culture farmers and retailers of aqua medicine and representatives of pharmaceutical companies. A range of chemicals including antibiotics were found existing in the market. Fish health management and disease treatment were the major areas where majority of such chemicals have been used. Other uses included pond preparation and management, growth promotion and improvement of water quality to enhance pond productivity. Commonly found traditional and new chemicals in health management included geotox, green zeolite, zeolite, zeocare, lime, mega zeo, bio aqua, gastrap, aquanone, zeo-fresh, zeo prime are used for the pond preparation and water quality management. Bio-ox, best oxygen, oxygen plus, oxyflow, oxygold, oxygrow, oxylife, oxymax, oxymore and oxyplus are the available chemicals for increasing oxygen concentration in pond or gher. Acimox(vet) Powder, Bactitab, Chlorsteclin, Cotrim-Vet, Fish cure, Orgacycline-15%, Otetra vet power 50, Oxin WS, Oxysentin 20%, Ranamox, Renamycin and Sulfatrim were antibiotics widely used in the study area. The present study also identified the problems associated with the use of aquaculture drugs which included lack of knowledge regarding use of chemicals, appropriate dose, method of application and indiscriminate use of chemicals in southwestern Bangladesh.

Keywords: Antibiotics, Aquaculture drug, Chemicals use, Aquatic health management

Location: Khulna and Bagerhat district

Start Date: 00-01-2013

End Date: 00-08-2013

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Fish

Objectives:

To make an inventory of drugs used in aquaculture along dose and the existing problems associated with the use of drugs.

Methodology:

Data for the present study was collected from different upazillas of Khulna and Bagerhat district where aquaculture clusters were located. The mainly preferred area were the fish farm, shrimp and prawn gher, feed shop and the aqua shops. Both primary and secondary data were used during the study. For gathering data, combinations of several survey techniques were adopted. The data were collected over eight months from January to August, 2013 in Khulna and Bagerhat district. These were the well-known area for the culture of fish and shellfish. Secondary source of information consist of published material such as journals, textbooks, newspaper etc. Moreover, appropriate government and non-government organizations as like Fish Inspection and Quality Control (FIQC) office. The existing problems associated with the use of aquaculture drugs were also collected from the secondary source. Field surveys were used for the collection of primary data. For the confirmation of the secondary data, primary data was used also. By using questionnaire interviews and direct observations, primary data were gathered for this survey. Primary data were collected through questionnaire interview with hatchery owner, culture farm, chemical seller, medical representative of Pharmaceuticals Company. During visiting the hatcheries, nurseries and culture pond, the elements that were considered with importance about chemicals and fish toxicants are purpose of use of chemicals or toxicants, variation in methods of application, effectiveness of chemicals or toxicants, side effect of chemicals and toxicants, variation in applied dose of chemicals or toxicants, ban on chemicals or toxicants by the government, price and availability of the chemicals, specific remark and recommendation of the chemicals. The questionnaire form was filled in by interviewing from 45 hatcheries or gher owner, 35 chemical sellers and 20 medical representatives of Pharmaceuticals Company directly from the study area. Questionnaire was examined in the field before interviews. For this study, one of the PRA tool such as Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was conducted with hatcheries or gher owner, 35 chemical sellers and 20 medical representatives of Pha rmaceuticals Company fish farmers. In this study, FGD was used to get an overview of particular issues such as the existing problems associated with the use of aquaculture drugs. A total of 5 FGD sessions was conducted where each group size of FGD was 6-8 people. FGD session was held in front of hatchery or gher, representative offices, chemical sellers shop etc. After collecting the data through questionnaire interviews and FGD, crosscheck interviews were conducted with Upazila Fisheries Officer, Assistant Fisheries Officer, relevant NGO workers, hatchery owner, chemical seller and medical representative of Pharmaceuticals Company at their offices or home. The data was analyzed using tabular and descriptive statistical techniques. The summary tables were prepared in accordance to the objective of the study. Data collected from various sources was entered into a data base system using Microsoft office Software. The processed data were transferred to a master sheet from which classified tables were prepared revealing the findings of the study. At each stage of survey data sheets were compared with original data sheets to ensure the accuracy of data entered.

Source of Information: Asian Journal of Biological Sciences Volume 7, Number 5, 225-232, 2014

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2014.225.232, URL: http://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ajbs.2014.225.232

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Farmers were found not to have proper knowledge about the drugs and chemicals they were using especially those available in the markets known by their trade names only. However, policy makers, researchers and scientists should work together in addressing the issues of drugs used in aquaculture with the view to decrease the negative impacts.Therefore, there is a necessity for better understanding of chemical used in aquaculture management.

Knowledge Management: Journal